* eth/protocols/snap: generate storage trie from full dirty snap data

* eth/protocols/snap: get rid of some more dead code

* eth/protocols/snap: less frequent logs, also log during trie generation

* eth/protocols/snap: implement dirty account range stack-hashing

* eth/protocols/snap: don't loop on account trie generation

* eth/protocols/snap: fix account format in trie

* core, eth, ethdb: glue snap packets together, but not chunks

* eth/protocols/snap: print completion log for snap phase

* eth/protocols/snap: extended tests

* eth/protocols/snap: make testcase pass

* eth/protocols/snap: fix account stacktrie commit without defer

* ethdb: fix key counts on reset

* eth/protocols: fix typos

* eth/protocols/snap: make better use of delivered data (#44)

* eth/protocols/snap: make better use of delivered data

* squashme

* eth/protocols/snap: reduce chunking

* squashme

* eth/protocols/snap: reduce chunking further

* eth/protocols/snap: break out hash range calculations

* eth/protocols/snap: use sort.Search instead of looping

* eth/protocols/snap: prevent crash on storage response with no keys

* eth/protocols/snap: nitpicks all around

* eth/protocols/snap: clear heal need on 1-chunk storage completion

* eth/protocols/snap: fix range chunker, add tests

Co-authored-by: Péter Szilágyi <peterke@gmail.com>

* trie: fix test API error

* eth/protocols/snap: fix some further liter issues

* eth/protocols/snap: fix accidental batch reuse

Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

Previously, the makeCallVariantGasCallEIP2929 charged the cold account access cost directly, leading to an incorrect gas cost passed to the tracer from the main execution loop.
This change still temporarily charges the cost (to allow for an accurate calculation of the available gas for the call), but then afterwards refunds it and instead returns the correct total gas cost to be then properly charged in the main loop.

consensus/ethash: less lookups of block data

* build: upgrade to golangci-lint v1.39.0

* consensus/ethash: fix go vet warning regarding reflect.SliceHeader

* eth/catalyst: fix lint issue

* consensus/ethash: fix bug in memoryMapFile

* les: polish code

* les/vflus/server: fixes

* les: fix lint

The Append / truncate operations were racy. When a datafile reaches 2Gb, a new file is needed. For this operation, we require a writelock, which is not needed in the 99.99% of all cases where the data does fit in the current head-file.

This transition from readlock to writelock was incorrect, and as the readlock was released, a truncate operation could slip in between, and truncate the data. This would have been fine, however, the Append operation continued writing as if no truncation had occurred, e.g writing item 5 where item 0 should reside.

This PR changes the behaviour, so that if when we run into the situation that a new file is needed, it aborts, and retries, this time with a writelock.

The outcome of the situation described above, running on this PR, would instead be that the Append operation exits with a failure.

When receiving PING from an IPv4 address over IPv6, the implementation sent
back a IPv4-in-IPv6 address. This change makes it reflect the IPv4 address.

This adds a test for large tx announcement messages, as well as a test to
check that announced tx hashes are requested by the node.

* core/state/snapshot: reuse memory data instead of hitting disk when generating

* trie: minor nitpicks wrt the resolver optimization

* core/state/snapshot, trie: use key/value store for resolver

* trie: fix linter

Co-authored-by: Péter Szilágyi <peterke@gmail.com>

This change adds a Go unit test that runs the protocol test suite
against the go-ethereum implementation of the eth protocol.

* eth/protocols, prp/tracker: add support for req/rep rtt tracking

* p2p/tracker: sanity cap the number of pending requests

* pap/tracker: linter <3

* p2p/tracker: disable entire tracker if no metrics are enabled

The new error type is returned by client operations contains details of
the response error code and response body.

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

This adds support for signing EIP-2930 with clef.

This change improves the efficiency of the nodeIterator seek
operation. Previously, seek essentially ran the iterator forward
until it found the matching node. With this change, it skips
over fullnode children and avoids resolving them from the database.

Adds an an optional parameter `overrides *map[common.Address]account` to the `eth_call` API in order for the caller to  can customize the state.

This fixes the OpenBSD/arm64 build.

The new -limit option makes the filter operate on top N nodes by score.
This also adds ENR attribute stats in the nodeset info command.
Node set commands are now documented in README.

core/state/snapshot: avoid copybytes for stacktrie

This change adds the --catalyst flag, enabling an RPC API for eth2 integration.
In this initial version, catalyst mode also disables all peer-to-peer networking.

Co-authored-by: Mikhail Kalinin <noblesse.knight@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

The stacktrie is a bit un-untuitive, API-wise: since it mutates input values.
Such behaviour is dangerous, and easy to get wrong if the calling code 'forgets' this quirk. The behaviour is fixed by this PR, so that the input values are not modified by the stacktrie. 

Note: just as with the Trie, the stacktrie still references the live input objects, so it's still _not_ safe to mutate the values form the callsite. 

* les/vflux/server: fix estimatePriority corner case

* les/vflux/server: simplify inactiveAllowance == 0 case

eth/protocols/snap: use ephemeral channels to avoid cross-sync delveries

* log: fix formatting of big.Int

The implementation of formatLogfmtBigInt had two issues: it crashed when
the number was actually large enough to hit the big integer case, and
modified the big.Int while formatting it.

* log: don't call FormatLogfmtInt64 for int16

* log: separate from decimals back, not front

Co-authored-by: Péter Szilágyi <peterke@gmail.com>

This adds simple unit test checking if the hard-coded genesis
hash values in package params match the actual genesis block hashes.

* all: add thousandths separators for big numbers on log messages

* p2p/sentry: drop accidental file

* common, log: add fast number formatter

* common, eth/protocols/snap: simplifty fancy num types

* log: handle nil big ints

core/types: drop some relice data types

* eth/protocols: persist received state segments

* core: initial implementation

* core/state/snapshot: add tests

* core, eth: updates

* eth/protocols/snapshot: count flat state size

* core/state: add metrics

* core/state/snapshot: skip unnecessary deletion

* core/state/snapshot: rename

* core/state/snapshot: use the global batch

* core/state/snapshot: add logs and fix wiping

* core/state/snapshot: fix

* core/state/snapshot: save generation progress even if the batch is empty

* core/state/snapshot: fixes

* core/state/snapshot: fix initial account range length

* core/state/snapshot: fix initial account range

* eth/protocols/snap: store flat states during the healing

* eth/protocols/snap: print logs

* core/state/snapshot: refactor (#4)

* core/state/snapshot: refactor

* core/state/snapshot: tiny fix and polish

Co-authored-by: rjl493456442 <garyrong0905@gmail.com>

* core, eth: fixes

* core, eth: fix healing writer

* core, trie, eth: fix paths

* eth/protocols/snap: fix encoding

* eth, core: add debug log

* core/state/generate: release iterator asap (#5)

core/state/snapshot: less copy

core/state/snapshot: revert split loop

core/state/snapshot: handle storage becoming empty, improve test robustness

core/state: test modified codehash

core/state/snapshot: polish

* core/state/snapshot: optimize stats counter

* core, eth: add metric

* core/state/snapshot: update comments

* core/state/snapshot: improve tests

* core/state/snapshot: replace secure trie with standard trie

* core/state/snapshot: wrap return as the struct

* core/state/snapshot: skip wiping correct states

* core/state/snapshot: updates

* core/state/snapshot: fixes

* core/state/snapshot: fix panic due to reference flaw in closure

* core/state/snapshot: fix errors in state generation logic + fix log output

* core/state/snapshot: remove an error case

* core/state/snapshot: fix condition-check for exhausted snap state

* core/state/snapshot: use stackTrie for small tries

* core/state/snapshot: don't resolve small storage tries in vain

* core/state/snapshot: properly clean up storage of deleted accounts

* core/state/snapshot: avoid RLP-encoding in some cases + minor nitpicks

* core/state/snapshot: fix error (+testcase)

* core/state/snapshot: clean up tests a bit

* core/state/snapshot: work in progress on better tests

* core/state/snapshot: polish code

* core/state/snapshot: fix trie iteration abortion trigger

* core/state/snapshot: fixes flaws

* core/state/snapshot: remove panic

* core/state/snapshot: fix abort

* core/state/snapshot: more tests (plus failing testcase)

* core/state/snapshot: more testcases + fix for failing test

* core/state/snapshot: testcase for malformed data

* core/state/snapshot: some test nitpicks

* core/state/snapshot: improvements to logging

* core/state/snapshot: testcase to demo error in abortion

* core/state/snapshot: fix abortion

* cmd/geth: make verify-state report the root

* trie: fix failing test

* core/state/snapshot: add timer metrics

* core/state/snapshot: fix metrics

* core/state/snapshot: udpate tests

* eth/protocols/snap: write snapshot account even if code or state is needed

* core/state/snapshot: fix diskmore check

* core/state/snapshot: review fixes

* core/state/snapshot: improve error message

* cmd/geth: rename 'error' to 'err' in logs

* core/state/snapshot: fix some review concerns

* core/state/snapshot, eth/protocols/snap: clear snapshot marker when starting/resuming snap sync

* core: add error log

* core/state/snapshot: use proper timers for metrics collection

* core/state/snapshot: address some review concerns

* eth/protocols/snap: improved log message

* eth/protocols/snap: fix heal logs to condense infos

* core/state/snapshot: wait for generator termination before restarting

* core/state/snapshot: revert timers to counters to track total time

Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>
Co-authored-by: Péter Szilágyi <peterke@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>