Fixes #23640

* Simplify peer known block/txns cache

* Address minor changes

* Add more minor comments

* Minor changes from review

This PR fixes an issue in traceChain, where the statedb Commit operation was performed asynchronously with dereference-operations agains the underlying trie.Database instance. Due to how the reference counting works within the trie database (where parent count is recursively updated when new parents are added), doing dereferencing in the middle of Commit can cause the refcount to become wrong, leading to an inconsistent state. 

This was fixed by doing Commit/Deref from the same routine.  

* accounts/abi/bind: check event signature before parsing

* remove redundant break line

* core/types: rm extranous check in test

* core/rawdb: add lightweight types for block logs

* core/rawdb,eth: use lightweight accessor for log filtering

* core/rawdb: add bench for decoding into rlpLogs

This PR implements a new debug method, which I've talked briefly about to some other client developers. It allows the caller to obtain the intermediate state roots for a block (which might be either a canon block or a 'bad' block).

* core/state: abstracted "write account to trie" method

* fix appveyor build

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

* review feedback

* core/state/accounts: move Account to core/types

* core/types: rename Account -> StateAccount

* core/state: restore EncodeRLP for stateObject

* core/types: add the missing file

* more review feedback

* more review feedback

Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>
Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

* eth/tracers: add re-write of 4byte tracer using enter/exit

* eth/tracers: fix 4byte indent

This PR adds a 30s timeout for the remote part to answer a ping message, thus detecting (silent) disconnnects 

* rpc: set scheme for ws and ipc conns to the server

* rpc: review fixes

* rpc: bugfix

* rpc: empty default scheme

Closes #23522

Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

* add explicit note about typing exit in console

* Add note about typing exit as alternative

go.mod: fix module file to prevent go from updating it during build

internal/debug: make gosimple linter happy

* internal: support optional filter expression for debug.stacks

* internal/debug: fix string regexp

* internal/debug: support searching for line numbers too

Spelling update

* ethclient/gethclient: fix flaky test (due to map key ordering)

* accounts/keystore: fix test failing due to rand collision due to low time resolution on windows

This change introduces 2 new optional methods; `enter()` and `exit()` for js tracers, and makes `step()` optiona. The two new methods are invoked when entering and exiting a call frame (but not invoked for the outermost scope, which has it's own methods). Currently these are the data fields passed to each of them:

    enter: type (opcode), from, to, input, gas, value
    exit: output, gasUsed, error

The PR also comes with a re-write of the callTracer. As a backup we keep the previous tracing script under the name `callTracerLegacy`. Behaviour of both tracers are equivalent for the most part, although there are some small differences (improvements), where the new tracer is more correct / has more information. 

* cmd/devp2p/internal/ethtest: only use eth66 if eth66 is negotiated

* cmd/devp2p/internal/ethtest: switch on concrete type not pointer

* cmd/devp2p/internal/ethtest: switch on concrete type not pointer

* core: cmd: invert disableMemory

* core: fix missed inversion

* cmd/evm: preserve Flags but change default value

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

* cmd/evm: transaction validation tool

* cmd/evm: add hash to t9n tool

* cmd/evm: lint nits

* cmd/evm: nitpicks

Updated example genesis.json configuration section, added londonBlock within config.

les: duplicate downloader and fetcher to allow progressive refactoring

This fixes crashes in txpool tests on 32bit platforms.

This fixes crashes on 32bit builds.

This PR ensures that wiping all data associated with a node (apart from its nodekey)
will not generate already used sequence number for the ENRs, since all remote nodes
would reject them until they out-number the previously published largest one.

The big complication with this scheme is that every local update to the ENR can
potentially bump the sequence number by one. In order to ensure that local updates
do not outrun the clock, the sequence number is a millisecond-precision timestamp,
and updates are throttled to occur at most once per millisecond.

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

This change is a rewrite of the freezer code.

When writing ancient chain data to the freezer, the previous version first encoded each
individual item to a temporary buffer, then wrote the buffer. For small item sizes (for
example, in the block hash freezer table), this strategy causes a lot of system calls for
writing tiny chunks of data. It also allocated a lot of temporary []byte buffers.

In the new version, we instead encode multiple items into a re-useable batch buffer, which
is then written to the file all at once. This avoids performing a system call for every
inserted item.

To make the internal batching work, the ancient database API had to be changed. While
integrating this new API in BlockChain.InsertReceiptChain, additional optimizations were
also added there.

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

* remove rpc flags

* remove legacy rpc flags

* remove legacy rpc flags

* remove legacy rpc commands

* (hopefully) fix most of the build errors

* fix build errors

https://app.travis-ci.com/github/ethereum/go-ethereum/jobs/530318686



* cmd/utils: fix syntax error

* empty commit to unbreak travis ci

* fix syntax error

* syntax fixes

* syntax fixes

* fix

fixes "cmd/geth/usage.go:234:7: expected '(', found init (typecheck)"

* fix

* various fixes in usage.go

* various fixes in flags.go

* adds extra space

reverts the spacing to how it was before I resolved the merge conflict

* more fixes in usage.go

* fix

fix for cmd/geth/usage.go:243:17: expected operand, found ':=' (typecheck) in travis

* Update cmd/utils/flags.go

Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

* fix error

 fixes these errors:
cmd/utils/flags_legacy.go:21:2: "strings" imported but not used (typecheck)

	"strings"

	^

cmd/utils/flags_legacy.go:24:2: "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/node" imported but not used (typecheck)

	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/node"

	^

* goimports

Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

* internal/debug: remove deprecated flags

The removed flags are removed in the main portion of geth, this removes it internally too.

* internal/debug: remove legacy --debug and legacy --backtrace flag

* Update flags.go

Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

* docs: add post-mortem

* Update docs/postmortems/2021-08-22-split-postmortem.md

Co-authored-by: Sina Mahmoodi <1591639+s1na@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update docs/postmortems/2021-08-22-split-postmortem.md

Co-authored-by: Sina Mahmoodi <1591639+s1na@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update docs/postmortems/2021-08-22-split-postmortem.md

Co-authored-by: Sina Mahmoodi <1591639+s1na@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update docs/postmortems/2021-08-22-split-postmortem.md

* Update 2021-08-22-split-postmortem.md

* Update docs/postmortems/2021-08-22-split-postmortem.md

Co-authored-by: Sina Mahmoodi <1591639+s1na@users.noreply.github.com>

Co-authored-by: Sina Mahmoodi <1591639+s1na@users.noreply.github.com>

* Add missing copyright header

* Update stacktrie_test.go

Co-authored-by: Péter Szilágyi <peterke@gmail.com>