This PR adds a method to the debug namespace, to iterate over the blocks and check where we have the roots on disk.

The test did not synchronize with per-case goroutines, and thus didn't notice
that some tests were just hanging. This change adds missing synchronization
and fixes the broken tests.

* eth/tracers: fix calltracer fault handling

* eth/tracers: fix calltracer indentation

* Simplify peer known block/txns cache

* Address minor changes

* Add more minor comments

* Minor changes from review

This PR fixes an issue in traceChain, where the statedb Commit operation was performed asynchronously with dereference-operations agains the underlying trie.Database instance. Due to how the reference counting works within the trie database (where parent count is recursively updated when new parents are added), doing dereferencing in the middle of Commit can cause the refcount to become wrong, leading to an inconsistent state. 

This was fixed by doing Commit/Deref from the same routine.  

* core/types: rm extranous check in test

* core/rawdb: add lightweight types for block logs

* core/rawdb,eth: use lightweight accessor for log filtering

* core/rawdb: add bench for decoding into rlpLogs

This PR implements a new debug method, which I've talked briefly about to some other client developers. It allows the caller to obtain the intermediate state roots for a block (which might be either a canon block or a 'bad' block).

* core/state: abstracted "write account to trie" method

* fix appveyor build

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

* review feedback

* core/state/accounts: move Account to core/types

* core/types: rename Account -> StateAccount

* core/state: restore EncodeRLP for stateObject

* core/types: add the missing file

* more review feedback

* more review feedback

Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>
Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

* eth/tracers: add re-write of 4byte tracer using enter/exit

* eth/tracers: fix 4byte indent

This change introduces 2 new optional methods; `enter()` and `exit()` for js tracers, and makes `step()` optiona. The two new methods are invoked when entering and exiting a call frame (but not invoked for the outermost scope, which has it's own methods). Currently these are the data fields passed to each of them:

    enter: type (opcode), from, to, input, gas, value
    exit: output, gasUsed, error

The PR also comes with a re-write of the callTracer. As a backup we keep the previous tracing script under the name `callTracerLegacy`. Behaviour of both tracers are equivalent for the most part, although there are some small differences (improvements), where the new tracer is more correct / has more information. 

* core: cmd: invert disableMemory

* core: fix missed inversion

* cmd/evm: preserve Flags but change default value

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

Revert "eth, internal/ethapi: make RPC block miner field show block sealer correctly (#23312)" (#23466)

This reverts commit 57feabea.

This reverts commit c368f728.

* eth/gasprice: cache feeHistory results

* eth/gasprice: changed feeHistory block count limitation

* eth/gasprice: do not use embedded struct in blockFees

* eth/gasprice: fee processing logic cleanup

* eth/gasprice: purge feeHistory cache at chain reorgs

Makes the RPC block return the POA sealer for clique blocks on the 'miner' field (was previously zeroes)

This adds a check to verify that a sender-account does not have code, which means that the codehash is either `emptyCodeHash` _OR_ not present. The latter occurs IFF the sender did not previously exist, a situation which can only occur with zero cost gasprices. 

* internal/ethapi/api: use hexutil.uint for blockCount parameter instead of int for feeHistory

* return hex value for oldestBlock instead of number

* return uint64 from oracle.resolveBlockRange

* eth/gasprice: fixed test

Co-authored-by: Zsolt Felfoldi <zsfelfoldi@gmail.com>

When processing a transaction with London fork rules, EIP-1559 mandates
checking that the sender must have sufficient balance to cover gas * gasFeeCap.

In the EIP's pseudocode, this check happens after the value transferred by the
transaction has already been deducted. However, in go-ethereum, the balance
has not yet been updated when the check happens, and therefore needs to be
added explicitly.

Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

* core, eth, internal, les, light: get pending and queued transaction by address

* core: tiny nitpick fixes

* light: tiny nitpick

Co-authored-by: mark <mark@amis.com>
Co-authored-by: Péter Szilágyi <peterke@gmail.com>

* all: rm external interpreter and ewasm config

* core/vm: rm Interpreter interface

* cmd/geth: deprecate interpreter config fields

Improves the performance of debug.traceTransaction

Some tests take quite some time during exit, which I think causes
some appveyor fails like this:

    https://ci.appveyor.com/project/ethereum/go-ethereum/builds/39511210/job/xhom84eg2e4uulq3

One of the things that seem to take time during exit is waiting
(up to 100ms) for the syncbloom to close. This PR changes it to use
a channel, instead of looping with a 100ms wait.

This also includes some unrelated changes improving the reliability of
eth/fetcher tests, which fail a lot because they are time-dependent.

This PR removes the blockhash from the statedb

* eth/gasprice: implement feeHistory API

* eth/gasprice: factored out resolveBlockRange

* eth/gasprice: add sanity check for missing block

* eth/gasprice: fetch actual gas used from receipts

* miner, eth/gasprice: add PendingBlockAndReceipts

* internal/ethapi: use hexutil.Big

* eth/gasprice: return error when requesting beyond head block

* eth/gasprice: fixed tests and return errors correctly

* eth/gasprice: rename receiver name

* eth/gasprice: return directly if blockCount == 0

Co-authored-by: rjl493456442 <garyrong0905@gmail.com>

* core,eth/tracers: make isPrecompiled dependent on HF

* eth/tracers: use keys when constructing chain config struct

* eth/tracers: dont initialize activePrecompiles with random value

This change increases the cache size from 64 to 256 Mb for block bodies.
Benchmarks have shown this to be one bottleneck when trying to achieve
higher download speeds.

The commit also includes a minor optimization for header inserts in package
core: previously, the presence of headers in the database was checked for
every header before writing it. With the change, if one header fails the
presence check, all subsequent headers are also assumed to be missing.
This is an improvement because in practice, the headers are almost always
missing during sync.

Co-authored-by: lidongwei <lidongwei@huobi.com>