* core, crypto: various allocation savings regarding tx handling

* core: reduce allocs for gas price comparison

This change reduces the allocations needed for comparing different transactions to each other.
A call to `tx.GasPrice()` copies the gas price as it has to be safe against modifications and
also needs to be threadsafe. For comparing and ordering different transactions we don't need
these guarantees

* core: added tx.GasPriceIntCmp for comparison without allocation

adds a method to remove unneeded allocation in comparison to tx.gasPrice

* core/types: pool legacykeccak256 objects in rlpHash

rlpHash is by far the most used function in core that allocates a legacyKeccak256 object on each call.
Since it is so widely used it makes sense to add pooling here so we relieve the GC.
On my machine these changes result in > 100 MILLION less allocations and > 30 GB less allocated memory.

* reverted some changes

* reverted some changes

* trie: use crypto.KeccakState instead of replicating code

Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

This PR implements the EVM state transition tool, which is intended
to be the replacement for our retesteth client implementation.
Documentation is present in the cmd/evm/README.md file.

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

* [cmd] Abstract `getPassPhrase` functions into one.

* cmd/ethkey: fix compilation failure

Co-authored-by: rjl493456442 <garyrong0905@gmail.com>

Without use of global, these flags didn't actually modify
miner configuration, since we weren't grabbing from the
proper context scope, which should be global (vs. subcommand).

Signed-off-by: meows <b5c6@protonmail.com>

* eth: returned revert reason in traceTx

* eth: return result data

The import command should not return a 0 status
code if the import finishes prematurely becaues
of an import error.

Returning the error causes the program to exit with 1
if the err is non nil.

Signed-off-by: meows <b5c6@protonmail.com>

* core/vm: fix incorrect computation of discount

During testing on Yolov1 we found that the way geth calculates the discount
is not in line with the specification. Basically what we did is calculate
128 * Bls12381GXMulGas * discount / 1000 whenever we received more than 128 pairs
of values. Correct would be to calculate k * Bls12381... for k > 128.

* core/vm: better logic for discount calculation

* core/vm: better calculation logic, added worstcase benchmarks

* core/vm: better benchmarking logic

* eth: don't block if transaction broadcast loop is returned

* eth: kick out peer if we failed to send message

* eth: address comment

* crypto/secp256k1: enable use of __int128

This speeds up scalar & field calculations a lot.

* crypto/secp256k1: enable endomorphism optimization

These commands mirror the key/URL generation functions of cmd/bootnode.

    $ devp2p key generate mynode.key
    $ devp2p key to-enode mynode.key -ip 203.0.113.21 -tcp 30304
    enode://78a7746089baf4b8615f54a5f0b67b22b1...

p2p: measure packet throughput too, not just bandwidth

* common/fdlimit: build on DragonflyBSD

* review feedback

The ancients variable in the freezer is a list of hashes, which
identifies all of the hashes to be frozen. The slice is being allocated
with a capacity of `limit`, which is the number of the last block
this batch will attempt to add to the freezer. That means we are
allocating memory for all of the blocks in the freezer, not just
the ones to be added.

If instead we allocate `limit - f.frozen`, we will only allocate
enough space for the blocks we're about to add to the freezer. On
mainnet this reduces usage by about 320 MB.

* whisper : use timer.Ticker instead of sleep

* lint: Fix linter error

Co-authored-by: Guillaume Ballet <gballet@gmail.com>

* cmd, eth, internal, les: add gasprice cap

* cmd/utils, eth: add default value for gasprice cap

* all: use txfee cap

* cmd, eth: add fix

* cmd, internal: address comments

* fix(freezer): tailId filenum offset were misplaced

* core/rawdb: assume first item in freezer always start from zero

core: filter out txs with invalid signatures as soon as possible

Co-authored-by: linjing <linjingjing@baidu.com>

speicifc -> specific
assigened -> assigned
frobenious -> frobenius

* core, eth, internal: extend structLog tracer

* core/vm, internal: add storage view

* core, internal: add slots to storage directly

* core: remove useless

* core: address martin's comment

* core/vm: fix tests

* eth/downloader tests: fix spurious failing test due to race between receipts/headers

* miner tests: fix travis failure on arm64

* eth/downloader: tests - store td in ancients too

core/state: avoid escape analysis fault when accessing cached state

* core/vm: use fixed uint256 library instead of big

* core/vm: remove intpools

* core/vm: upgrade uint256, fixes uint256.NewFromBig

* core/vm: use uint256.Int by value in Stack

* core/vm: upgrade uint256 to v1.0.0

* core/vm: don't preallocate space for 1024 stack items (only 16)

Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

params: update CHTs for 1.9.15 release

* internal/ethapi: return revert reason for eth_call

* internal/ethapi: moved revert reason logic to doCall

* accounts/abi/bind/backends: added revert reason logic to simulated backend

* internal/ethapi: fixed linting error

* internal/ethapi: check if require reason can be unpacked

* internal/ethapi: better error logic

* internal/ethapi: simplify logic

* internal/ethapi: return vmError()

* internal/ethapi: move handling of revert out of docall

* graphql: removed revert logic until spec change

* rpc: internal/ethapi: added custom error types

* graphql: use returndata instead of return

Return() checks if there is an error. If an error is found, we return nil.
For most use cases it can be beneficial to return the output even if there
was an error. This code should be changed anyway once the spec supports
error reasons in graphql responses

* accounts/abi/bind/backends: added tests for revert reason

* internal/ethapi: add errorCode to revert error

* internal/ethapi: add errorCode of 3 to revertError

* internal/ethapi: unified estimateGasErrors, simplified logic

* internal/ethapi: unified handling of errors in DoEstimateGas

* rpc: print error data field

* accounts/abi/bind/backends: unify simulatedBackend and RPC

* internal/ethapi: added binary data to revertError data

* internal/ethapi: refactored unpacking logic into newRevertError

* accounts/abi/bind/backends: fix EstimateGas

* accounts, console, internal, rpc: minor error interface cleanups

* Revert "accounts, console, internal, rpc: minor error interface cleanups"

This reverts commit 2d3ef53c5304e429a04983210a417c1f4e0dafb7.

* re-apply the good parts of 2d3ef53c53

* rpc: add test for returning server error data from client

Co-authored-by: rjl493456442 <garyrong0905@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Péter Szilágyi <peterke@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>