* eth, les, geth: implement cli-configurable global gas cap for RPC calls

* graphql, ethapi: place gas cap in DoCall

* ethapi: reformat log message

* cmd, accounts, internal, node, rpc, signer: insecure unlock protect

* all: strict unlock API by rpc

* cmd/geth: check before printing warning log

* accounts, cmd/geth, internal: tiny polishes

Fixes #19337

* cmd, core, eth, trie: get rid of trie cache generations

* core, trie: get rid of remainder of cache gen boilerplate

* core/vm: remove function call for stack validation from evm runloop

* core/vm: separate gas  calc into static + dynamic

* core/vm: optimize push1

* core/vm: reuse pooled bigints for ADDRESS, ORIGIN and CALLER

* core/vm: use generic error message for jump/jumpi, to avoid string interpolation

* testdata: fix tests for new error message

* core/vm: use 64-bit memory calculations

* core/vm: fix error in memory calculation

* core/vm: address review concerns

* core/vm: avoid unnecessary use of big.Int:BitLen()

This change

- implements concurrent LES request serving even for a single peer.
- replaces the request cost estimation method with a cost table based on
  benchmarks which gives much more consistent results. Until now the
  allowed number of light peers was just a guess which probably contributed
  a lot to the fluctuating quality of available service. Everything related
  to request cost is implemented in a single object, the 'cost tracker'. It
  uses a fixed cost table with a global 'correction factor'. Benchmark code
  is included and can be run at any time to adapt costs to low-level
  implementation changes.
- reimplements flowcontrol.ClientManager in a cleaner and more efficient
  way, with added capabilities: There is now control over bandwidth, which
  allows using the flow control parameters for client prioritization.
  Target utilization over 100 percent is now supported to model concurrent
  request processing. Total serving bandwidth is reduced during block
  processing to prevent database contention.
- implements an RPC API for the LES servers allowing server operators to
  assign priority bandwidth to certain clients and change prioritized
  status even while the client is connected. The new API is meant for
  cases where server operators charge for LES using an off-protocol mechanism.
- adds a unit test for the new client manager.
- adds an end-to-end test using the network simulator that tests bandwidth
  control functions through the new API.

* core: remove unnecessary fields in log

* core: bump blockchain database version

* core, les: remove unnecessary fields in txlookup

* eth: print db version explicitly

* core/rawdb: drop txlookup entry struct wrapper

Simplifies the transaction presense check to use a function to
determine if the transaction is present in the block provided
to trace, which originally had a redundant parenthesis and used
a `exist` flag to dictate control flow.

This changes default location of the data directory to use the LOCALAPPDATA
environment variable, resolving issues with remote home directories an improving
compatibility with Cygwin.

Fixes #2239 
Fixes #2237 
Fixes #16437

* accounts, eth, clique: implement external backend + move sighash calc to backend

* signer: implement account_Version on external API

* accounts/external: enable ipc, add copyright

* accounts, internal, signer: formatting

* node: go fmt

* flags: disallow --dev in combo with --externalsigner

* accounts: remove clique-specific signing method, replace with more generic

* accounts, consensus: formatting + fix error in tests

* signer/core: remove (test-) import cycle

* clique: remove unused import

* accounts: remove CliqueHash and avoid dependency on package crypto

* consensus/clique: unduplicate header encoding

* cmd, eth: Added in the flag to step geth once sync based on input

* cmd, eth: 16400 Add an option to stop geth once in sync.

* cmd: 16400 Add an option to stop geth once in sync. WIP

* cmd/geth/main, les/fletcher: added in light mode support

* cmd/geth/main, les/fletcher: Cleaned Comments and code for light mode

* cmd: 16400 Fixed formatting issue and cleaned code

* cmd, eth, les: 16400 Fixed formatting issues

* cmd, eth, les: Performed gofmt to update formatting

* cmd, eth, les: Fixed bugs resulting formatting

* cmd/geth, eth/, les: switched to downloader event

* eth: Fixed styling and gen_config

* eth/: Fix nil error in config file

* cmd/geth: Updated countdown log

* les/fetcher.go: Removed depcreated channel

* eth/downloader.go: Removed deprecated select

* cmd/geth, cmd/utils: Fixed minor issues

* eth: Reverted config files to proper format

* eth: Fixed typo in config file

* cmd/geth, eth/down: Updated code to use header time stamp

* eth/downloader: Changed the time threshold to 10 minutes

* cmd/geth, eth/downloader: Updated downloading event to pass latest header

* cmd/geth: Updated main to use right timer object

* cmd/geth: Removed unused failed event

* cmd/geth: added in correct time field with type assertion

* cmd/geth, cmd/utils: Updated flag to use boolean

* cmd/geth, cmd/utils, eth/downloader: Cleaned up code based on recommendations

* cmd/geth: Removed unneeded import

* cmd/geth, eth/downloader: fixed event field and suggested changes

* cmd/geth, cmd/utils: Updated flag and linting issue

For more information about this light client mode, read
https://hackmd.io/s/HJy7jjZpm

* tests: tune flaky tests that error in travis occasionally

* tests: formatting

* core, eth: fix database version

* eth: polish error message

* eth/tracer: extend create2

* eth/tracers: fix create2-flaw in prestate_tracer

* eth/tracers: fix test

* eth/tracers: update assets

* downloader: fix edgecase where returned index is OOB for downloader

* downloader: documentation

Co-Authored-By: holiman <martin@swende.se>

* geth/core/eth: implement constantinople override flag

* les: implemnent constantinople override flag for les clients

* cmd/geth, eth, les: fix typo, move flag to experimentals

* Rejects peers that respond with a different hash for any of the passed in block numbers.
* Meant for emergency situations when the network forks unexpectedly.

* eth: fixed incorrect storage from prestate_tracer

* eth/tracers: updated assets.go

Until this commit, when sending an RPC request that called `NewEVM`, a blank `vm.Config`
would be taken so as to set some options, based on the default configuration. If some extra
configuration switches were passed to the blockchain, those would be ignored.

This PR adds a function to get the config from the blockchain, and this is what is now used
for RPC calls.

Some subsequent changes need to be made, see https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pull/17955#pullrequestreview-182237244
for the details of the discussion.