This change introduces garbage collection for the light client. Historical
chain data is deleted periodically. If you want to disable the GC, use
the --light.nopruning flag.

* les: separate peer into clientPeer and serverPeer

* les: address comments

* les: rework clientpool

les: handler separation

* all: implement simple checkpoint syncing

cmd, les, node: remove callback mechanism

cmd, node: remove callback definition

les: simplify the registrar

les: expose checkpoint rpc services in the light client

les, light: don't store untrusted receipt

cmd, contracts, les: discard stale checkpoint

cmd, contracts/registrar: loose restriction of registeration

cmd, contracts: add replay-protection

all: off-chain multi-signature contract

params: deploy checkpoint contract for rinkeby

cmd/registrar: add raw signing mode for registrar

cmd/registrar, contracts/registrar, les: fixed messages

* cmd/registrar, contracts/registrar: fix lints

* accounts/abi/bind, les: address comments

* cmd, contracts, les, light, params: minor checkpoint sync cleanups

* cmd, eth, les, light: move checkpoint config to config file

* cmd, eth, les, params: address comments

* eth, les, params: address comments

* cmd: polish up the checkpoint admin CLI

* cmd, contracts, params: deploy new version contract

* cmd/checkpoint-admin: add another flag for clef mode signing

* cmd, contracts, les: rename and regen checkpoint oracle with abigen

This PR enables the indexers to work in light client mode by
downloading a part of these tries (the Merkle proofs of the last
values of the last known section) in order to be able to add new
values and recalculate subsequent hashes. It also adds CHT data to
NodeInfo.

* all: get rid of error when create mdb

* core: clean up variables definition

* all: inline mdb definition

This PR implements the new LES protocol version extensions:

* new and more efficient Merkle proofs reply format (when replying to
  a multiple Merkle proofs request, we just send a single set of trie
  nodes containing all necessary nodes)
* BBT (BloomBitsTrie) works similarly to the existing CHT and contains
  the bloombits search data to speed up log searches
* GetTxStatusMsg returns the inclusion position or the
  pending/queued/unknown state of a transaction referenced by hash
* an optional signature of new block data (number/hash/td) can be
  included in AnnounceMsg to provide an option for "very light
  clients" (mobile/embedded devices) to skip expensive Ethash check
  and accept multiple signatures of somewhat trusted servers (still a
  lot better than trusting a single server completely and retrieving
  everything through RPC). The new client mode is not implemented in
  this PR, just the protocol extension.

With this commit, core/state's access to the underlying key/value database is
mediated through an interface. Database errors are tracked in StateDB and
returned by CommitTo or the new Error method.

Motivation for this change: We can remove the light client's duplicated copy of
core/state. The light client now supports node iteration, so tracing and storage
enumeration can work with the light client (not implemented in this commit).

This commit does various code refactorings:

- generalizes and moves the request retrieval/timeout/resend logic out of LesOdr
  (will be used by a subsequent PR)
- reworks the peer management logic so that all services can register with
  peerSet to get notified about added/dropped peers (also gets rid of the ugly
  getAllPeers callback in requestDistributor)
- moves peerSet, LesOdr, requestDistributor and retrieveManager initialization
  out of ProtocolManager because I believe they do not really belong there and the
  whole init process was ugly and ad-hoc

There is no need to depend on the old context package now that the
minimum Go version is 1.7. The move to "context" eliminates our weird
vendoring setup. Some vendored code still uses golang.org/x/net/context
and it is now vendored in the normal way.

This change triggered new vet checks around context.WithTimeout which
didn't fire with golang.org/x/net/context.

* les: implement request distributor, fix blocking issues
* core: moved header validation before chain mutex lock

les/flowcontrol: using proper types for relative and absolute times

These accessors were introduced by light client changes, but
the only method that is actually used is GetNumberU64. This
commit replaces all uses of .GetNumberU64 with .Number.Uint64.