* les/vflux/server: fix estimatePriority corner case

* les/vflux/server: simplify inactiveAllowance == 0 case

* core/vm: implement AccessListTracer

* eth: implement debug.createAccessList

* core/vm: fixed nil panics in accessListTracer

* eth: better error messages for createAccessList

* eth: some fixes on CreateAccessList

* eth: allow for provided accesslists

* eth: pass accesslist by value

* eth: remove created acocunt from accesslist

* core/vm: simplify access list tracer

* core/vm: unexport accessListTracer

* eth: return best guess if al iteration times out

* eth: return best guess if al iteration times out

* core: docstring, unexport methods

* eth: typo

* internal/ethapi: move createAccessList to eth package

* internal/ethapi: remove reexec from createAccessList

* internal/ethapi: break if al is equal to last run, not if gas is equal

* internal/web3ext: fixed arguments

* core/types: fixed equality check for accesslist

* core/types: no hardcoded vals

* core, internal: simplify access list generation, make it precise

* core/vm: fix typo

Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>
Co-authored-by: Péter Szilágyi <peterke@gmail.com>

* eth, les: fix tracer

* eth: isolate live trie database in tracer

* eth: fix nil

* eth: fix

* eth, les: add checkLive param

* eth/tracer: fix

* les: move client pool to les/vflux/server

* les/vflux/server: un-expose NodeBalance, remove unused fn, fix bugs

* tests/fuzzers/vflux: add ClientPool fuzzer

* les/vflux/server: fixed balance tests

* les: rebase fix

* les/vflux/server: fixed more bugs

* les/vflux/server: unexported NodeStateMachine fields and flags

* les/vflux/server: unexport all internal components and functions

* les/vflux/server: fixed priorityPool test

* les/vflux/server: polish balance

* les/vflux/server: fixed mutex locking error

* les/vflux/server: priorityPool bug fixed

* common/prque: make Prque wrap-around priority handling optional

* les/vflux/server: rename funcs, small optimizations

* les/vflux/server: fixed timeUntil

* les/vflux/server: separated balance.posValue and negValue

* les/vflux/server: polish setup

* les/vflux/server: enforce capacity curve monotonicity

* les/vflux/server: simplified requestCapacity

* les/vflux/server: requestCapacity with target range, no iterations in SetCapacity

* les/vflux/server: minor changes

* les/vflux/server: moved default factors to balanceTracker

* les/vflux/server: set inactiveFlag in priorityPool

* les/vflux/server: moved related metrics to vfs package

* les/vflux/client: make priorityPool temp state logic cleaner

* les/vflux/server: changed log.Crit to log.Error

* add vflux fuzzer to oss-fuzz

Co-authored-by: rjl493456442 <garyrong0905@gmail.com>

In Geth v1.10, we changed the structure of the "les" ENR entry. As a result, the DHT crawler that creates the DNS lists
no longer recognizes the les nodes, which is fixed in this commit. 

* cmd/devp2p: skip ENR field tails properly in nodeset filter
* cmd/devp2p: fix tail decoder for snap as well
* les: fix tail decoding in "eth" ENR entry

* all: add read-only option to database

* all: fixes tests

* cmd/geth: migrate flags

* cmd/geth: fix the compact

* cmd/geth: fix the format

* cmd/geth: fix log

* cmd: add chain-readonly

* core: add readonly notion to freezer

* core/rawdb: add log

* core/rawdb: fix freezer close

* cmd: fix

* cmd, core: construct db

* core: update tests

This PR fixes multiple issues with the UDP connection pre-negotiation feature:

- the enable condition was wrong (it checked the existence of the DiscV5 struct where it wasn't initialized yet, disabling the feature even if discv5 was enabled)
- the server pool queried already connected nodes when the discovery iterators returned them again
- servers responded positively before they were synced and really willing to accept connections

Metrics are also added on the server side that count the positive and negative replies to served connection queries.

The oss-fuzz fuzzer has been reporting some failing testcases for les. They're all spurious, and cannot reliably be reproduced. However, running them showed that there was a goroutine leak: the tests created a lot of new clients, which started an exec queue that was never torn down.

This PR fixes the goroutine leak, and also a log message which was erroneously formatted.

* eth/state, les/state: properly init statedb accesslist when tracing, fixes #22475

* eth: review comments

* eth/tracers: fix compilation err

* eth/tracers: apply @karalabe's suggested fix

* les: add trailing slash to metric namespace

* les: omit '.' in metric namespace

This PR implements the first one of the "lespay" UDP queries which
is already useful in itself: the capacity query. The server pool is making
use of this query by doing a cheap UDP query to determine whether it is
worth starting the more expensive TCP connection process.

* les: move serverPool to les/vflux/client

* les: add metrics

* les: moved ValueTracker inside ServerPool

* les: protect against node registration before server pool is started

* les/vflux/client: fixed tests

* les: make peer registration safe

This adds support for EIP-2718 typed transactions as well as EIP-2930
access list transactions (tx type 1). These EIPs are scheduled for the
Berlin fork.

There very few changes to existing APIs in core/types, and several new APIs
to deal with access list transactions. In particular, there are two new
constructor functions for transactions: types.NewTx and types.SignNewTx.
Since the canonical encoding of typed transactions is not RLP-compatible,
Transaction now has new methods for encoding and decoding: MarshalBinary
and UnmarshalBinary.

The existing EIP-155 signer does not support the new transaction types.
All code dealing with transaction signatures should be updated to use the
newer EIP-2930 signer. To make this easier for future updates, we have
added new constructor functions for types.Signer: types.LatestSigner and
types.LatestSignerForChainID. 

This change also adds support for the YoloV3 testnet.

Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>
Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>
Co-authored-by: Ryan Schneider <ryanleeschneider@gmail.com>

Transaction unindexing will be enabled by default as of 1.10, which causes tx status retrieval will be broken without this PR. 

This PR introduces a retry mechanism in TxStatus retrieval.

This PR adds a more CLI flag, so that the les-server can serve light clients even the local node is not synced yet.

This functionality is needed in some testing environments(e.g. hive). After launching the les server, no more blocks will be imported so the node is always marked as "non-synced".

This PR prevents users from submitting transactions without EIP-155 enabled. This behaviour can be overridden by specifying the flag --rpc.allow-unprotected-txs=true. 

* les: refactored server handler

* tests/fuzzers/les: add fuzzer for les server handler

* tests, les: update les fuzzer

tests: update les fuzzer

tests/fuzzer/les: release resources

tests/fuzzer/les: pre-initialize all resources

* les: refactored server handler and fuzzer

Co-authored-by: rjl493456442 <garyrong0905@gmail.com>

* les/lespay/server: fix balance expiration and add test

* les: move client balances to a new db

* les: rename lespayDb to lesDb

This moves the eth config definition into a separate package, eth/ethconfig. 
Packages eth and les can now import this common package instead of
importing eth from les, reducing dependencies.

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

The PR makes use of the stacktrie, which is is more lenient on resource consumption, than the regular trie, in cases where we only need it for DeriveSha

* les/utils: Limiter

* les/utils: dropped prior weight vs variable cost logic, using fixed weights

* les/utils: always create node selector in addressGroup

* les/utils: renamed request weight to request cost

* les/utils: simplified and improved the DoS penalty mechanism

* les/utils: minor fixes

* les/utils: made selection weight calculation nicer

* les/utils: fixed linter warning

* les/utils: more precise and reliable probabilistic test

* les/utils: fixed linter warning

This PR enables running the new discv5 protocol in both LES client
and server mode. In client mode it mixes discv5 and dnsdisc iterators
(if both are enabled) and filters incoming ENRs for "les" tag and fork ID.
The old p2p/discv5 package and all references to it are removed.

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

This moves the tracing RPC API implementation to package eth/tracers.
By doing so, package eth no longer depends on tracing and the duktape JS engine.

The change also enables tracing using the light client. All tracing methods work with the
light client, but it's a lot slower compared to using a full node.

This fixes #22131 and adds a test reproducing the issue.

This PR introduces a new config field SyncFromCheckpoint for light client.

In some special scenarios, it's required to start synchronization from some
arbitrary checkpoint or even from the scratch. So this PR offers this
flexibility to users so that the synchronization start point can be configured.

There are two relevant configs: SyncFromCheckpoint and Checkpoint.

- If the SyncFromCheckpoint is true, the light client will try to sync from the
  specified checkpoint.

- If the Checkpoint is not configured, then the light client will sync from the
  scratch(from the latest header if the database is not empty)

Additional notes: these two configs are not visible in the CLI flags but only
accessable in the config file.

Example Usage:

[Eth]
SyncFromCheckpoint = true

[Eth.Checkpoint]
SectionIndex = 100
SectionHead = "0xabc"
CHTRoot = "0xabc"
BloomRoot = "0xabc"

PS. Historical checkpoint can be retrieved from the synced full node or light
client via les_getCheckpoint API.

This PR has two changes in the les protocol:

- the auxRoot is not supported. See ethereum/devp2p#171 for more information
- the empty response will be returned in GetHelperTrieProofsMsg request if the merkle
   proving is failed. note, for backward compatibility, the empty merkle proof as well as
   the request auxiliary data will still be returned in  les2/3 protocol no matter the proving
   is successful or not. the proving failure can happen e.g. request the proving for a
   non-included entry in helper trie (unstable header).

During the snap and eth refactor, the net_version rpc call was falsely deprecated.
This restores the net_version RPC handler as most eth2 nodes and other software
depend on it.

* les: allow tx unindexing in les/4 light server mode

* les: minor fixes

* les: more small fixes

* les: add meaningful constants for recentTxIndex handshake field

This commit splits the eth package, separating the handling of eth and snap protocols. It also includes the capability to run snap sync (https://github.com/ethereum/devp2p/blob/master/caps/snap.md

) , but does not enable it by default. 

Co-authored-by: Marius van der Wijden <m.vanderwijden@live.de>
Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

This PR implements unclean shutdown marker. Every time geth boots, it adds a timestamp to a list of timestamps in the database. This list is capped at 10. At a clean shutdown, the timestamp is removed again. 
Thus, when geth exits unclean, the marker remains, and at boot up we show the most recent unclean shutdowns to the user, which makes it easier to diagnose root-causes to certain problems. 

Co-authored-by: Nagy Salem <me@muhnagy.com>