core: make genesis parse baseFee correctly

core, internal: support various eth_call invocations post 1559

This function is not used in the code base, so probably safe to do rename, or remove in its entirety, but I'm assuming the logic from the original creator still applies so rename probably better.

eth/ethconfig: bump the RPC gas cap to 50M, since 1559 exceeds 25

* all: rename internal 1559 gas fields, add support for graphql

* cmd/evm/testdata, core: use public 1559 gas names on API surfaces

* core/rawdb: db inspect move 'config' and 'shutdown' into 'meta data'

* gofmt

This updates the tests submodule to the London fork tests, and
also updates the test runner to support the new EIP-1559 fields in
test JSON.

core, eth, miner: enforce configured mining reward post 1559 too

* miner/stress/1559: add 1559 stress tests

* miner/stress: add 1559 stress test

Co-authored-by: Gary Rong <garyrong0905@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Mikhail Kalinin <noblesse.knight@gmail.com>

eth/ethconfig: flip the default from fast to snap sync

* internal/ethapi: add baseFee to RPCMarshalHeader

* internal/ethapi: add FeeCap, Tip and correct GasPrice to EIP-1559 RPCTransaction results

* core,eth,les,internal: add support for tip estimation in gas price oracle

* internal/ethapi,eth/gasprice: don't suggest tip larger than fee cap

* core/types,internal: use correct eip1559 terminology for json marshalling

* eth, internal/ethapi: fix rebase problems

* internal/ethapi: fix rpc name of basefee

* internal/ethapi: address review concerns

* core, eth, internal, les: simplify gasprice oracle (#25)

* core, eth, internal, les: simplify gasprice oracle

* eth/gasprice: fix typo

* internal/ethapi: minor tweak in tx args

* internal/ethapi: calculate basefee for pending block

* internal/ethapi: fix panic

* internal/ethapi, eth/tracers: simplify txargs ToMessage

* internal/ethapi: remove unused param

* core, eth, internal: fix regressions wrt effective gas price in the evm

* eth/gasprice: drop weird debug println

* internal/jsre/deps: hack in 1559 gas conversions into embedded web3

* internal/jsre/deps: hack basFee to decimal conversion

* internal/ethapi: init feecap and tipcap for legacy txs too

* eth, graphql, internal, les: fix gas price suggestion on all combos

* internal/jsre/deps: handle decimal tipcap and feecap

* eth, internal: minor review fixes

* graphql, internal: export max fee cap RPC endpoint

* internal/ethapi: fix crash in transaction_args

* internal/ethapi: minor refactor to make the code safer

Co-authored-by: Ryan Schneider <ryanleeschneider@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: lightclient@protonmail.com <lightclient@protonmail.com>
Co-authored-by: gary rong <garyrong0905@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Péter Szilágyi <peterke@gmail.com>

Fixes #11113

Co-authored-by: rene <41963722+renaynay@users.noreply.github.com>

* cmd/geth, core, params: replace baikal with calaveras

* params: fix genesis hash for Calaveras

Co-authored-by: Péter Szilágyi <peterke@gmail.com>

This PR adds the new consensus constraints of EIP-1559 transactions as specified in https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs#3594

This pull request implements EIP-1559 compatible transaction pool with dual heap eviction ordering.
It is based on #22791
The eviction ordering scheme and the reasoning behind it is described here: https://gist.github.com/zsfelfoldi/9607ad248707a925b701f49787904fd6

* p2p/msgrate: return capacity as integer

* eth/protocols/snap: remove conversions

* p2p/msgrate: add overflow test

* p2p/msgrate: make the capacity overflow test actually overflow

* p2p/msgrate: clamp capacity to max int32

* p2p/msgrate: fix min/max confusion

This commit changes the behavior of BitCurve.Add to be more inline
with btcd. It fixes two different bugs:

1) When adding a point at infinity to another point, the other point
   should be returned. While this is undefined behavior, it is better
   to be more inline with the go standard library.
   Thus (0,0) + (a, b) = (a,b)

2) Adding the same point to itself produced the point at infinity.
   This is incorrect, now doubleJacobian is used to correctly calculate it.
   Thus (a,b) + (a,b) == 2* (a,b) and not (0,0) anymore.

The change also adds a differential fuzzer for Add, testing it against btcd.

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

This change significantly improves the performance of RLPx message reads
and writes. In the previous implementation, reading and writing of
message frames performed multiple reads and writes on the underlying
network connection, and allocated a new []byte buffer for every read.

In the new implementation, reads and writes re-use buffers, and perform
much fewer system calls on the underlying connection. This doubles the
theoretically achievable throughput on a single connection, as shown by
the benchmark result:

    name             old speed      new speed       delta
    Throughput-8     70.3MB/s ± 0%  155.4MB/s ± 0%  +121.11%  (p=0.000 n=9+8)

The change also removes support for the legacy, pre-EIP-8 handshake encoding.
As of May 2021, no actively maintained client sends this format.

* cmd/utils: avoid 1Gb alloc in --dev mode

* cmd/geth: avoid 512Mb alloc in genesis query tests

Trivial but helpful to understanding.

* core/state/snapshot: fix flaky tests

* core/state/snapshot: fix tests

Fixes the case (example below) where the value passed
to --ethstats flag would be parsed wrongly because the
node name and/or password value contained the special
characters '@' or ':'

    --ethstats "ETC Labs Metrics @meowsbits":mypass@ws://mordor.dash.fault.dev:3000

This PR refactors the eth test suite to make it more readable and
easier to use. Some notable differences:

- A new file helpers.go stores all of the methods used between
  both eth66 and eth65 and below tests, as well as methods shared
  among many test functions.
- suite.go now contains all of the test functions for both eth65
  tests and eth66 tests.
- The utesting.T object doesn't get passed through to other helper methods,
  but is instead only used within the scope of the test function,
  whereas helper methods return errors, so only the test function
  itself can fatal out in the case of an error.
- The full test suite now only takes 13.5 seconds to run.

There were 2 TODOs about that fix after Golang 1.8 release.
It's here for 3 years already, so now should be the right time.

Fixes #21476