Log filtering is now using a MIPmap like approach where addresses of
logs are added to a mapped bloom bin. The current levels for the MIP are
in ranges of 1.000.000, 500.000, 100.000, 50.000, 1.000. Logs are
therefor filtered in batches of 1.000.

* Renamed ChainManager to BlockChain
* Checkpointing is no longer required and never really properly worked
when the state was corrupted.

* Moved `vm.Transfer` to `core` package and changed execution to call
`env.Transfer` instead of `core.Transfer` directly.
* core/vm: byte code VM moved to jump table instead of switch
* Moved `vm.Transfer` to `core` package and changed execution to call
  `env.Transfer` instead of `core.Transfer` directly.
* Byte code VM now shares the same code as the JITVM
* Renamed Context to Contract
* Changed initialiser of state transition & unexported methods
* Removed the Execution object and refactor `Call`, `CallCode` &
  `Create` in to their own functions instead of being methods.
* Removed the hard dep on the state for the VM. The VM now
  depends on a Database interface returned by the environment. In the
  process the core now depends less on the statedb by usage of the env
* Moved `Log` from package `core/state` to package `core/vm`.

Moved the filtering system from `event` to `eth/filters` package and
removed the `core.Filter` object. The `filters.Filter` object now
requires a `common.Database` rather than a `eth.Backend` and invokes the
`core.GetBlockByX` directly rather than thru a "manager".

This fix addresses an issue with filters that were (possibly) not yet
added to the filter queues but were expected. I've added additional nil
checks making sure it doesn't crash and swapped the installation of the
filter around so it's installed before use.

Closes #1665

Added a transact mutex. The transact mutex will fix an issue where
transactions were created with the same nonce resulting in some
transactions being dropped. This happened when two concurrent calls
would call the `Transact` method (which is OK) which would both call
`GetNonce`. While the managed is thread safe it does not help us in this
case.

integrated review comments

I forgot to update one instance of "go-ethereum" in commit 3f047be5.

All code outside of cmd/ is licensed as LGPL. The headers
now reflect this by calling the whole work "the go-ethereum library".

* registar url string retrieval chop leading zeros now
* rewrite test using test mining
* remove temporary applyTxs from xeth

* Added GetReceiptsFromBlock, GetReceipt, PutReceipts
* Added ContractAddress to receipt. See #1042

* Miners do now verify their own header, not their state.
* Changed old putTx and putReceipts to be exported
* Moved writing of transactions and receipts out of the block processer
  in to the chain manager. Closes #1386
* Miner post ChainHeadEvent & ChainEvent. Closes #1388