* Upgrade geth to v1.9.14 (#75)

* fix: resolve conflict

* chg: use bor url for import

* Fix regressions from merge

Co-authored-by: Jaynti Kanani <jdkanani@gmail.com>

* Bor update 1.9.16 (#77)

* cmd, consensus: add option to disable mmap for DAG caches/datasets (#20484)

* cmd, consensus: add option to disable mmap for DAG caches/datasets

* consensus: add benchmarks for mmap with/with lock

* cmd/clef: add newaccount command (#20782)

* cmd/clef: add newaccount command

* cmd/clef: document clef_New, update API versioning

* Update cmd/clef/intapi_changelog.md

Co-Authored-By: ligi <ligi@ligi.de>

* Update signer/core/uiapi.go

Co-Authored-By: ligi <ligi@ligi.de>

Co-authored-by: ligi <ligi@ligi.de>

* eth: add debug_accountRange API (#19645)

This new API allows reading accounts and their content by address range.

Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>
Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

* travis: allow cocoapods deploy to fail (#20833)

* whisper/whisperv6: decrease pow requirement in tests (#20815)

* metrics: improve TestTimerFunc (#20818)

The test failed due to what appears to be fluctuations in time.Sleep, which is
not the actual method under test. This change modifies it so we compare the
metered Max to the actual time instead of the desired time.

* les: create utilities as common package (#20509)

* les: move execqueue into utilities package

execqueue is a util for executing queued functions
in a serial order which is used by both les server
and les client. Move it to common package.

* les: move randselect to utilities package

weighted_random_selector is a helpful tool for randomly select
items maintained in a set but based on the item weight.

It's used anywhere is LES package, mainly by les client but will
be used in les server with very high chance. So move it into a
common package as the second step for les separation.

* les: rename to utils

* README: update private network genesis spec with istanbul (#20841)

* add istanbul and muirGlacier to genesis states in README

* remove muirGlacier, relocate istanbul

* whisper: fix whisper go routine leak with sync wait group (#20844)

* cmd/evm: Rework execution stats (#20792)

- Dump stats also for --bench flag.
- From memory stats only show number and size of allocations. This is what `test -bench` shows. I doubt others like number of GC runs are any useful, but can be added if requested.
- Now the mem stats are for single execution in case of --bench.

* cmd/devp2p, cmd/wnode, whisper: add missing calls to Timer.Stop (#20843)

* p2p/server: add UDP port mapping goroutine to wait group (#20846)

* accounts/abi faster unpacking of int256 (#20850)

* p2p/discv5: add missing Timer.Stop calls (#20853)

* miner/worker: add missing timer.Stop call (#20857)

* cmd/geth: fix bad genesis test (#20860)

* eth/filters: add missing Ticker.Stop call (#20862)

* eth/fetcher: add missing timer.Stop calls (#20861)

* les: add missing Ticker.Stop call (#20864)

* event: add missing timer.Stop call in TestFeed (#20868)

* metrics: add missing calls to Ticker.Stop in tests (#20866)

* ethstats: add missing Ticker.Stop call (#20867)

* p2p/discv5, p2p/testing: add missing Timer.Stop calls in tests (#20869)

* core: add missing Timer.Stop call in TestLogReorgs (#20870)

* rpc: add missing timer.Stop calls in websocket tests (#20863)

* crypto/ecies: improve concatKDF (#20836)

This removes a bunch of weird code around the counter overflow check in
concatKDF and makes it actually work for different hash output sizes.

The overflow check worked as follows: concatKDF applies the hash function N
times, where N is roundup(kdLen, hashsize) / hashsize. N should not
overflow 32 bits because that would lead to a repetition in the KDF output.

A couple issues with the overflow check:

- It used the hash.BlockSize, which is wrong because the
  block size is about the input of the hash function. Luckily, all standard
  hash functions have a block size that's greater than the output size, so
  concatKDF didn't crash, it just generated too much key material.
- The check used big.Int to compare against 2^32-1.
- The calculation could still overflow before reaching the check.

The new code in concatKDF doesn't check for overflow. Instead, there is a
new check on ECIESParams which ensures that params.KeyLen is < 512. This
removes any possibility of overflow.

There are a couple of miscellaneous improvements bundled in with this
change:

- The key buffer is pre-allocated instead of appending the hash output
  to an initially empty slice.
- The code that uses concatKDF to derive keys is now shared between Encrypt
  and Decrypt.
- There was a redundant invocation of IsOnCurve in Decrypt. This is now removed
  because elliptic.Unmarshal already checks whether the input is a valid curve
  point since Go 1.5.

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

* rpc: metrics for JSON-RPC method calls (#20847)

This adds a couple of metrics for tracking the timing
and frequency of method calls:

- rpc/requests gauge counts all requests
- rpc/success gauge counts requests which return err == nil
- rpc/failure gauge counts requests which return err != nil
- rpc/duration/all timer tracks timing of all requests
- rpc/duration/<method>/<success/failure> tracks per-method timing

* mobile: use bind.NewKeyedTransactor instead of duplicating (#20888)

It's better to reuse the existing code to create a keyed transactor
than to rewrite the logic again.

* all: fix a bunch of inconsequential goroutine leaks (#20667)

The leaks were mostly in unit tests, and could all be resolved by
adding suitably-sized channel buffers or by restructuring the test
to not send on a channel after an error has occurred.

There is an unavoidable goroutine leak in Console.Interactive: when
we receive a signal, the line reader cannot be unblocked and will get
stuck. This leak is now documented and I've tried to make it slightly 
less bad by adding a one-element buffer to the output channels of
the line-reading loop. Should the reader eventually awake from its
blocked state (i.e. when stdin is closed), at least it won't get stuck
trying to send to the interpreter loop which has quit long ago.

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

* internal/ethapi: add CallArgs.ToMessage method (#20854)

ToMessage is used to convert between ethapi.CallArgs and types.Message.
It reduces the length of the DoCall method by about half by abstracting out
the conversion between the CallArgs and the Message. This should improve the
code's maintainability and reusability.

* eth, les: fix flaky tests (#20897)

* les: fix flaky test

* eth: fix flaky test

* cmd/geth: enable metrics for geth import command (#20738)

* cmd/geth: enable metrics for geth import command

* cmd/geth: enable metrics-flags for import command

* core/vm: use a callcontext struct (#20761)

* core/vm: use a callcontext struct

* core/vm: fix tests

* core/vm/runtime: benchmark

* core/vm: make intpool push inlineable, unexpose callcontext

* docs/audits: add discv5 protocol audits from LA and C53 (#20898)

* .github: change gitter reference to discord link in issue template (#20896)

* couple of fixes to docs in clef (#20900)

* p2p/discover: add initial discovery v5 implementation (#20750)

This adds an implementation of the current discovery v5 spec.

There is full integration with cmd/devp2p and enode.Iterator in this
version. In theory we could enable the new protocol as a replacement of
discovery v4 at any time. In practice, there will likely be a few more
changes to the spec and implementation before this can happen.

* build: upgrade to golangci-lint 1.24.0 (#20901)

* accounts/scwallet: remove unnecessary uses of fmt.Sprintf

* cmd/puppeth: remove unnecessary uses of fmt.Sprintf

* p2p/discv5: remove unnecessary use of fmt.Sprintf

* whisper/mailserver: remove unnecessary uses of fmt.Sprintf

* core: goimports -w tx_pool_test.go

* eth/downloader: goimports -w downloader_test.go

* build: upgrade to golangci-lint 1.24.0

* whisper/mailserver : recover corrupt db files before opening (#20891)

* whisper/mailserver : recover db file when openfile corrupted

* whisper/mailserver : fix db -> s.db

* whisper/mailserver : common/errors for dbfile

* accounts/abi/bind: Refactored topics  (#20851)

* accounts/abi/bind: refactored topics

* accounts/abi/bind: use store function to remove code duplication

* accounts/abi/bind: removed unused type defs

* accounts/abi/bind: error on tuples in topics

* Cosmetic changes to restart travis build

Co-authored-by: Guillaume Ballet <gballet@gmail.com>

* node: allow websocket and HTTP on the same port (#20810)

This change makes it possible to run geth with JSON-RPC over HTTP and
WebSocket on the same TCP port. The default port for WebSocket
is still 8546. 

    geth --rpc --rpcport 8545 --ws --wsport 8545

This also removes a lot of deprecated API surface from package rpc.
The rpc package is now purely about serving JSON-RPC and no longer
provides a way to start an HTTP server.

* crypto: improve error messages in LoadECDSA (#20718)

This improves error messages when the file is too short or too long.
Also rewrite the test for SaveECDSA because LoadECDSA has its own
test now.

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

* changed date of rpcstack.go since new file (#20904)

* accounts/abi/bind: fixed erroneous filtering of negative ints (#20865)

* accounts/abi/bind: fixed erroneous packing of negative ints

* accounts/abi/bind: added test cases for negative ints in topics

* accounts/abi/bind: fixed genIntType for go 1.12

* accounts/abi: minor  nitpick

* cmd: deprecate --testnet, use named networks instead (#20852)

* cmd/utils: make goerli the default testnet

* cmd/geth: explicitly rename testnet to ropsten

* core: explicitly rename testnet to ropsten

* params: explicitly rename testnet to ropsten

* cmd: explicitly rename testnet to ropsten

* miner: explicitly rename testnet to ropsten

* mobile: allow for returning the goerli spec

* tests: explicitly rename testnet to ropsten

* docs: update readme to reflect changes to the default testnet

* mobile: allow for configuring goerli and rinkeby nodes

* cmd/geth: revert --testnet back to ropsten and mark as legacy

* cmd/util: mark --testnet flag as deprecated

* docs: update readme to properly reflect the 3 testnets

* cmd/utils: add an explicit deprecation warning on startup

* cmd/utils: swap goerli and ropsten in usage

* cmd/geth: swap goerli and ropsten in usage

* cmd/geth: if running a known preset, log it for convenience

* docs: improve readme on usage of ropsten's testnet datadir

* cmd/utils: check if legacy `testnet` datadir exists for ropsten

* cmd/geth: check for legacy testnet path in console command

* cmd/geth: use switch statement for complex conditions in main

* cmd/geth: move known preset log statement to the very top

* cmd/utils: create new ropsten configurations in the ropsten datadir

* cmd/utils: makedatadir should check for existing testnet dir

* cmd/geth: add legacy testnet flag to the copy db command

* cmd/geth: add legacy testnet flag to the inspect command

* les, les/lespay/client: add service value statistics and API (#20837)

This PR adds service value measurement statistics to the light client. It
also adds a private API that makes these statistics accessible. A follow-up
PR will add the new server pool which uses these statistics to select
servers with good performance.

This document describes the function of the new components:
https://gist.github.com/zsfelfoldi/3c7ace895234b7b345ab4f71dab102d4



Co-authored-by: rjl493456442 <garyrong0905@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: rjl493456442 <garyrong0905@gmail.com>

* README: update min go version to 1.13 (#20911)

* travis, appveyor, build, Dockerfile: bump Go to 1.14.2 (#20913)

* travis, appveyor, build, Dockerfile: bump Go to 1.14.2

* travis, appveyor: force GO111MODULE=on for every build

* core/rawdb: fix data race between Retrieve and Close (#20919)

* core/rawdb: fixed data race between retrieve and close

closes https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/issues/20420



* core/rawdb: use non-atomic load while holding mutex

* accounts/abi: implement new fallback functions (#20764)

* accounts/abi: implement new fackball functions

In Solidity v0.6.0, the original fallback is separated
into two different sub types: fallback and receive.

This PR addes the support for parsing new format abi
and the relevant abigen functionalities.

* accounts/abi: fix unit tests

* accounts/abi: minor fixes

* accounts/abi, mobile: support jave binding

* accounts/abi: address marius's comment

* accounts/abi: Work around the uin64 conversion issue

Co-authored-by: Guillaume Ballet <gballet@gmail.com>

* trie: fix concurrent usage of secKeyBuf, ref #20920

* all: simplify and fix database iteration with prefix/start (#20808)

* core/state/snapshot: start fixing disk iterator seek

* ethdb, rawdb, leveldb, memorydb: implement iterators with prefix and start

* les, core/state/snapshot: iterator fixes

* all: remove two iterator methods

* all: rename Iteratee.NewIteratorWith -> NewIterator

* ethdb: fix review concerns

* params: update CHTs for the 1.9.13 release

* params: release Geth v1.9.13

* params: begin v1.9.14 release cycle

* p2p/discover: add helper methods to UDPv5 (#20918)

This adds two new methods to UDPv5, AllNodes and LocalNode.

AllNodes returns all the nodes stored in the local table; this is
useful for the purposes of metrics collection and also debugging any
potential issues with other discovery v5 implementations.

LocalNode returns the local node object. The reason for exposing this
is so that users can modify and set/delete new key-value entries in
the local record.

* event: fix inconsistency in Lock and Unlock (#20933)

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

* accounts/abi: Prevent recalculation of internal fields (#20895)

* accounts/abi: prevent recalculation of ID, Sig and String

* accounts/abi: fixed unpacking of no values

* accounts/abi: multiple fixes to arguments

* accounts/abi: refactored methodName and eventName

This commit moves the complicated logic of how we assign method names
and event names if they already exist into their own functions for
better readability.

* accounts/abi: prevent recalculation of internal

In this commit, I changed the way we calculate the string
representations, sig representations and the id's of methods. Before
that these fields would be recalculated everytime someone called .Sig()
.String() or .ID() on a method or an event.

Additionally this commit fixes issue #20856 as we assign names to inputs
with no name (input with name "" becomes "arg0")

* accounts/abi: added unnamed event params test

* accounts/abi: fixed rebasing errors in method sig

* accounts/abi: fixed rebasing errors in method sig

* accounts/abi: addressed comments

* accounts/abi: added FunctionType enumeration

* accounts/abi/bind: added test for unnamed arguments

* accounts/abi: improved readability in NewMethod, nitpicks

* accounts/abi: method/eventName -> overloadedMethodName

* cmd, core: remove override muir glacier and override istanbul (#20942)

* snapshot: add Unlock before return (#20948)

* Forget Unlock in snapshot

* Remove Unlock before panic

* core/state/snapshot: make difflayer account iterator seek operation inclusive

* p2p: defer wait group done in protocol start (#20951)

* go.mod : update fastcache to 1.5.7 (#20936)

* all: seperate consensus error and evm internal error (#20830)

* all: seperate consensus error and evm internal error

There are actually two types of error will be returned when
a tranaction/message call is executed: (a) consensus error
(b) evm internal error. The former should be converted to
a consensus issue, e.g. The sender doesn't enough asset to
purchase the gas it specifies. The latter is allowed since
evm itself is a blackbox and internal error is allowed to happen.

This PR emphasizes the difference by introducing a executionResult
structure. The evm error is embedded inside. So if any error
returned, it indicates consensus issue happens.

And also this PR improve the `EstimateGas` API to return the concrete
revert reason if the transaction always fails

* all: polish

* accounts/abi/bind/backends: add tests

* accounts/abi/bind/backends, internal: cleanup error message

* all: address comments

* core: fix lint

* accounts, core, eth, internal: address comments

* accounts, internal: resolve revert reason if possible

* accounts, internal: address comments

* core: mirror full node reorg logic in light client too (#20931)

* core: fix the condition of reorg

* core: fix nitpick to only retrieve head once

* core: don't reorg if received chain is longer at same diff

Co-authored-by: Péter Szilágyi <peterke@gmail.com>

* accounts/keystore: fix double import race (#20915)

* accounts/keystore: fix race in Import/ImportECDSA

* accounts/keystore: added import/export tests

* cmd/geth: improved TestAccountImport test

* accounts/keystore: added import/export tests

* accounts/keystore: fixed naming

* accounts/keystore: fixed typo

* accounts/keystore: use mutex instead of rwmutex

* accounts: use errors instead of fmt

* trie: initial implementation for range proof (#20908)

* trie: initial implementation for range proof

* trie: add benchmark

* trie: fix lint

* trie: fix minor issue

* trie: unset the edge valuenode as well

* trie: unset the edge valuenode as nilValuenode

* core/state/snapshot: fix binary iterator (#20970)

* p2p/enode: update code comment (#20972)

It is possible to specify enode URLs using domain name since
commit b90cdbaa, but the code comment still said that only
IP addresses are allowed.

Co-authored-by: admin@komgo.io <KomgoRocks2018!>

* eth: fix shutdown regression to abort downloads, not just cancel

* node: shut down all node-related HTTP servers gracefully (#20956)

Rather than just closing the underlying network listener to stop our
HTTP servers, use the graceful shutdown procedure, waiting for any
in-process requests to finish.

* accounts/abi: added abi test cases, minor bug fixes  (#20903)

* accounts/abi: added documentation

* accounts/abi: reduced usage of arguments.LengthNonIndexed

* accounts/abi: simplified reflection logic

* accounts/abi: moved testjson data into global declaration

* accounts/abi: removed duplicate test cases

* accounts/abi: reworked abi tests

* accounts/abi: added more tests for abi packing

* accounts/abi/bind: refactored base tests

* accounts/abi: run pack tests as subtests

* accounts/abi: removed duplicate tests

* accounts/abi: removed unnused arguments.LengthNonIndexed

Due to refactors to the code, we do not need the arguments.LengthNonIndexed function anymore.
You can still get the length by calling len(arguments.NonIndexed())

* accounts/abi: added type test

* accounts/abi: modified unpack test to pack test

* accounts/abi: length check on arrayTy

* accounts/abi: test invalid abi

* accounts/abi: fixed rebase error

* accounts/abi: fixed rebase errors

* accounts/abi: removed unused definition

* accounts/abi: merged packing/unpacking tests

* accounts/abi: fixed [][][32]bytes encoding

* accounts/abi: added tuple test cases

* accounts/abi: renamed getMockLog -> newMockLog

* accounts/abi: removed duplicate test

* accounts/abi: bools -> booleans

* core: add check in AddChildIndexer to avoid double lock (#20982)

This fixes a theoretical double lock condition which could occur in

    indexer.AddChildIndexer(indexer)

Nobody would ever do that though.

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

* rpc: make ExampleClientSubscription work with the geth API (#19483)

This corrects the call to eth_getBlockByNumber, which previously
returned this error:

  can't get latest block: missing value for required argument 1

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

* core: improve TestLogRebirth (#20961)

This is a resubmit of #20668 which rewrites the problematic test
without any additional goroutines. It also documents the test better.

The purpose of this test is checking whether log events are sent
correctly when importing blocks. The test was written at a time when
blockchain events were delivered asynchronously, making the check hard
to pull off. Now that core.BlockChain delivers events synchronously
during the call to InsertChain, the test can be simplified.

Co-authored-by: BurtonQin <bobbqqin@gmail.com>

* go.mod: upgrade to golang-lru v0.5.4 (#20992)

golang-lru is now a go module, and the upgrade corrects a couple
of minor issues. In particular, the library could crash if you inserted
nil into an LRU cache.

* rpc: add explicit 200 response for empty HTTP GET (#20952)

* event, whisper/whisperv6: use defer where possible (#20940)

* signer, log: properly escape character sequences (#20987)

* signer: properly handle terminal escape characters

* log: use strconv conversion instead of custom escape function

* log: remove relection tests for nil

* go.mod : goupnp v1.0.0 upgrade (#20996)

* core/state/snapshot: implement storage iterator (#20971)

* core/state/snapshot: implement storage iterator

* core/state/snapshot, tests: implement helper function

* core/state/snapshot: fix storage issue

If an account is deleted in the tx_1 but recreated in the tx_2,
the it can happen that in this diff layer, both destructedSet
and storageData records this account. In this case, the storage
iterator should be able to iterate the slots belong to new account
but disable further iteration in deeper layers(belong to old account)

* core/state/snapshot: address peter and martin's comment

* core/state: address comments

* core/state/snapshot: fix test

* core/state/snapshot: fix journal nil deserialziation

* core/state/snapshot: fix trie generator reporter (#21004)

* accounts/external: fill account-cache if that hasn't already been done, fixes #20995 (#20998)

* go.sum: run go mod tidy (#21014)

* les: remove invalid use of t.Fatal in TestHandshake (#21012)

* accounts/external: convert signature v value to 0/1 (#20997)

This fixes an issue with clef, which already transforms the signature
to use the legacy 27/28 encoding.

Fixes #20994

* tests: cleanup snapshot generator goroutine leak

* accounts/abi: removed Kind from Type struct (#21009)

* accounts/abi: removed Kind from Type struct

* accounts/abi: removed unused code

* accounts/abi: move U256Bytes to common/math (#21020)

* core/state/snapshot: release iterator after verification

* cmd/utils: renames flags related to http-rpc server (#20935)

* rpc flags related to starting http server renamed to http

* old rpc flags aliased and still functional

* pprof flags fixed

* renames gpo related flags

* linted

* renamed rpc flags for consistency and clarity

* added warn logs

* added more warn logs for all deprecated flags for consistency

* moves legacy flags to separate file, hides older flags under show-deprecated-flags command

* legacy prefix and moved some more legacy flags to legacy file

* fixed circular import

* added docs

* fixed imports lint error

* added notes about when flags were deprecated

* cmd/utils: group flags by deprecation date + reorder by date,

* modified deprecated comments for consistency, added warn log for --rpc

* making sure deprecated flags are still functional

* show-deprecated-flags command cleaned up

* fixed lint errors

* corrected merge conflict

* IsSet --> GlobalIsSet

* uncategorized flags, if not deprecated, displayed under misc

Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

* tests: skip consensus test using 1GB RAM

* cmd/geth: handle memfixes on 32bit arch with large RAM

* build: raise test timeout back to 10 mins (#21027)

* account/abi: remove superfluous type checking (#21022)

* accounts/abi: added getType func to Type struct

* accounts/abi: fixed tuple unpack

* accounts/abi: removed type.Type

* accounts/abi: added comment

* accounts/abi: removed unused types

* accounts/abi: removed superfluous declarations

* accounts/abi: typo

* eth: skip transaction announcer goroutine on eth<65

* eth: don't inadvertently enable snapshots in archive nodes (#21025)

* eth: don't reassign more cache than is being made available

* eth: don't inadvertently enable snapshot in a case where --snapshot wasn't given

* trie: fix TestBadRangeProof unit test (#21034)

* eth/downloader: minor typo fixes in comments (#21035)

* core: avoid double-lock in tx_pool_test (#20984)

* core/state/snapshot: don't create storage list for non-existing accounts

* core/state/snapshot: fix typo (#21037)

* accounts/abi/bind: add void if no return args specified (#21002)

* accounts/abi/bind: add void if no return args specified

Currently the java generator generates invalid input on pure/view functions
that have no return type. e.g. `function f(uint u) view public {}`
This is not a problem in practice as people rarely ever write functions like this.

* accounts/abi/bind: use elseif instead of nested if

* core/state: include zero-address in state dump if present (#21038)

* Include 0x0000 address into the dump if it is present

* core/state: go fmt

Co-authored-by: Alexey Akhunov <akhounov@gmail.com>

* core/state: abort commit if read errors have occurred (#21039)

This finally adds the error check that the documentation of StateDB.dbErr
promises to do. dbErr was added in 9e5f03b6 (June 2017), and the check was
already missing in that commit. We somehow survived without it for three years.

* core/state: avoid statedb.dbErr due to emptyCode (#21051)

* core/state: more verbose stateb errors

* core/state: fix flaw

* core/state: fixed lint

Co-authored-by: Marius van der Wijden <m.vanderwijden@live.de>

* build: fix CLI params for windows LNK files (#21055)

* build: Fix CLI params for windows LNK files

closes #21054

* Remove parameters

* core/state: make GetCodeSize mirror GetCode implementation wise

* accounts/abi/bind/backend, internal/ethapi: recap gas limit with balance (#21043)

* accounts/abi/bind/backend, internal/ethapi: recap gas limit with balance

* accounts, internal: address comment and fix lint

* accounts, internal: extend log message

* tiny nits to format hexutil.Big and nil properly

Co-authored-by: Péter Szilágyi <peterke@gmail.com>

* params, cmd/utils: remove outdated discv5 bootnodes, deprecate flags (#20949)

* params: remove outdated discv5 bootnodes

* cmd/utils: deprecated bootnodesv4/v5 flags

* console: fix some crashes/errors in the bridge (#21050)

Fixes #21046

* core/rawdb: stop freezer process as part of freezer.Close() (#21010)

* core/rawdb: Stop freezer process as part of freezer.Close()

When you call db.Close(), it was closing the leveldb database first,
then closing the freezer, but never stopping the freezer process.
This could cause the freezer to attempt to write to leveldb after
leveldb had been closed, leading to a crash with a non-zero exit code.

This change adds a quit channel to the freezer, and freezer.Close()
will not return until the freezer process has stopped.

Additionally, when you call freezerdb.Close(), it will close the
AncientStore before closing leveldb, to ensure that the freezer goroutine
will be stopped before leveldb is closed.

* core/rawdb: Fix formatting for golint

* core/rawdb: Use backoff flag to avoid repeating select

* core/rawdb: Include accidentally omitted backoff

* p2p: add 0 port check in dialer  (#21008)

* p2p: add low port check in dialer

We already have a check like this for UDP ports, add a similar one in
the dialer. This prevents dials to port zero and it's also an extra
layer of protection against spamming HTTP servers.

* p2p/discover: use errLowPort in v4 code

* p2p: change port check

* p2p: add comment

* p2p/simulations/adapters: ensure assigned port is in all node records

* params: bump CHTs for the v1.9.14 release

* cmd, core, eth: background transaction indexing (#20302)

* cmd, core, eth: init tx lookup in background

* core/rawdb: tiny log fixes to make it clearer what's happening

* core, eth: fix rebase errors

* core/rawdb: make reindexing less generic, but more optimal

* rlp: implement rlp list iterator

* core/rawdb: new implementation of tx indexing/unindex using generic tx iterator and hashing rlp-data

* core/rawdb, cmd/utils: fix review concerns

* cmd/utils: fix merge issue

* core/rawdb: add some log formatting polishes

Co-authored-by: rjl493456442 <garyrong0905@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Péter Szilágyi <peterke@gmail.com>

* core: fixup blockchain tests (#21062)

core: fixup blockchain tests

* les: drop the message if the entire p2p connection is stuck (#21033)

* les: drop the message if the entire p2p connection is stuck

* les: fix lint

* core/rawdb : log format fix for Unindexing transaction (#21064)

* core/rawdb : log format fix for Unindexing transaction

* core/rawdb: tiny fixup

Co-authored-by: Péter Szilágyi <peterke@gmail.com>

* core/rawdb: remove unused math (#21065)

* miner: support disabling empty blockprecommits form the Go API (#20736)

* cmd, miner: add noempty-precommit flag

* cmd, miner: get rid of external flag

* miner: change bool to atomic int

* miner: fix tiny typo

Co-authored-by: Péter Szilágyi <peterke@gmail.com>

* accounts/abi: accounts/abi/bind: Move topics to abi package (#21057)

* accounts/abi/bind: added test cases for waitDeployed

* accounts/abi/bind: added test case for boundContract

* accounts/abi/bind: removed unnecessary resolve methods

* accounts/abi: moved topics from /bind to /abi

* accounts/abi/bind: cleaned up format... functions

* accounts/abi: improved log message

* accounts/abi: added type tests

* accounts/abi/bind: remove superfluous template methods

* accounts/abi: allow overloaded argument names (#21060)

* accounts/abi: allow overloaded argument names

In solidity it is possible to create the following contract:
```
contract Overloader {
    struct F { uint _f; uint __f; uint f; }
    function f(F memory f) public {}
}
```
This however resulted in a panic in the abi package.

* accounts/abi fixed error handling

* core: fix missing receipt on Clique crashes (#21045)

* core: fix missing receipt

* core: address comment

* ethstats: stop report ticker in each loop cycle #21070 (#21071)

Co-authored-by: Hao Duan <duan.hao@hyperchain.cn>

* params: release go-ethereum v1.9.14

* params: begin v1.9.15 release cycle

* cmd: fix log contexts (#21077)

* accounts/abi: simplify reflection logic (#21058)

* accounts/abi: simplified reflection logic

* accounts/abi: simplified reflection logic

* accounts/abi: removed unpack

* accounts/abi: removed comments

* accounts/abi: removed uneccessary complications

* accounts/abi: minor changes in error messages

* accounts/abi: removed unnused code

* accounts/abi: fixed indexed argument unpacking

* accounts/abi: removed superfluous test cases

This commit removes two test cases. The first one is trivially invalid as we have the same
test cases as passing in packing_test.go L375. The second one passes now,
because we don't need the mapArgNamesToStructFields in unpack_atomic anymore.
Checking for purely underscored arg names generally should not be something we do
as the abi/contract is generally out of the control of the user.

* accounts/abi: removed comments, debug println

* accounts/abi: added commented out code

* accounts/abi: addressed comments

* accounts/abi: remove unnecessary dst.CanSet check

* accounts/abi: added dst.CanSet checks

* console: fix unlockAccount argument count check (#21081)

* cmd/clef, signer/core: password input fixes (#20960)

* cmd/clef, signer/core: use better terminal input for passwords, make it possible to avoid boot-up warning

* all: move commonly used prompter to isolated (small) package

* cmd/clef: Add new --acceptWarn to clef README

* cmd/clef: rename flag 'acceptWarn' to 'suppress-bootwarn'

Co-authored-by: ligi <ligi@ligi.de>

* accounts: add blockByNumberNoLock() to avoid double-lock (#20983)

* abi/bind/backends: testcase for double-lock

* accounts: add blockByNumberNoLock to avoid double-lock

* backend/simulated: use stateroot, not blockhash for retrieveing state

Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

* whisper: use canonical import name of package go-ethereum (#21099)

* trie: extend range proofs with non-existence (#21000)

* trie: implement range proof with non-existent edge proof

* trie: fix cornercase

* trie: consider empty range

* trie: add singleSide test

* trie: support all-elements range proof

* trie: fix typo

* trie: tiny typos and formulations

Co-authored-by: Péter Szilágyi <peterke@gmail.com>

* les, les/lespay: implement new server pool (#20758)

This PR reimplements the light client server pool. It is also a first step
to move certain logic into a new lespay package. This package will contain
the implementation of the lespay token sale functions, the token buying and
selling logic and other components related to peer selection/prioritization
and service quality evaluation. Over the long term this package will be
reusable for incentivizing future protocols.

Since the LES peer logic is now based on enode.Iterator, it can now use
DNS-based fallback discovery to find servers.

This document describes the function of the new components:
https://gist.github.com/zsfelfoldi/3c7ace895234b7b345ab4f71dab102d4



* miner: replace use of 'self' as receiver name (#21113)

* all: fix typos in comments (#21118)

* consensus/clique: remove redundant pair of parentheses (#21104)

* core/vm: improve jumpdest lookup (#21123)

* consensus/ethash: fix flaky test by reading seal results (#21085)

* cmd/utils: fix default DNS discovery configuration (#21124)

* metrics/prometheus: define TYPE once, add tests (#21068)

* metrics/prometheus: define type once for histograms

* metrics/prometheus: test collector

* ethdb/leveldb: use timer instead of time.After (#21066)

* ethstats: avoid blocking chan when received invalid stats request (#21073)

* ethstats: avoid blocking chan when received invalid stats request

* ethstats: minor code polishes

Co-authored-by: Péter Szilágyi <peterke@gmail.com>

* trie: fix for range proof (#21107)

* trie: fix for range proof

* trie: fix typo

* build: upgrade to golangci lint v1.27.0 (#21127)

* build: upgrade to golangci-lint v1.27.0

* build: raise lint timeout to 3 minutes

* eth: interrupt chain insertion on shutdown (#21114)

This adds a new API method on core.BlockChain to allow interrupting
running data inserts, and calls the method before shutting down the
downloader.

The BlockChain interrupt checks are now done through a method instead
of inlining the atomic load everywhere. There is no loss of efficiency from
this and it makes the interrupt protocol a lot clearer because the check is
defined next to the method that sets the flag.

* consensus/clique: make internal error private (#21132)

Co-authored-by: linjing <linjingjing@baidu.com>

* trie: enforce monotonic range in prover and return end marker (#21130)

* trie: add hasRightElement indicator

* trie: ensure the range is monotonic increasing

* trie: address comment and fix lint

* trie: address comment

* trie: make linter happy

Co-authored-by: Péter Szilágyi <peterke@gmail.com>

* eth/downloader: more context in errors (#21067)

This PR makes use of go 1.13 error handling, wrapping errors and using
errors.Is to check a wrapped root-cause. It also removes the travis
builders for go 1.11 and go 1.12.

* metrics: replace gosigar with gopsutil (#21041)

* replace gosigar with gopsutil

* removed check for whether GOOS is openbsd

* removed accidental import of runtime

* potential fix for difference in units between gosig and gopsutil

* fixed lint error

* remove multiplication factor

* uses cpu.ClocksPerSec as the multiplication factor

* changed dependency from shirou to renaynay (#20)

* updated dep

* switching back from using renaynay fork to using upstream as PRs were merged on upstream

* removed empty line

* optimized imports

* tidied go mod

* core/vm: EIP-2315, JUMPSUB for the EVM (#20619)

* core/vm: implement EIP 2315, subroutines for the EVM

* core/vm: eip 2315 - lintfix + check jump dest validity + check ret stack size constraints

  logger: markdown-friendly traces, validate jumpdest, more testcase, correct opcodes

* core/vm: update subroutines acc to eip: disallow walk-into

* core/vm/eips: gas cost changes for subroutines

* core/vm: update opcodes for EIP-2315

* core/vm: define RETURNSUB as a 'jumping' operation + review concerns

Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

* p2p/discover: move discv4 encoding to new 'v4wire' package (#21147)

This moves all v4 protocol definitions to a new package, p2p/discover/v4wire.
The new package will be used for low-level protocol tests.

* rpc: send websocket ping when connection is idle (#21142)

* rpc: send websocket ping when connection is idle

* rpc: use non-blocking send for websocket pingReset

* console: handle undefined + null in console funcs (#21160)

* core: collect NewTxsEvent items without holding reorg lock (#21145)

* core/vm, crypto/bls12381, params: add bls12-381 elliptic curve precompiles (#21018)

* crypto: add bls12-381 elliptic curve wrapper

* params: add bls12-381 precompile gas parameters

* core/vm: add bls12-381 precompiles

* core/vm: add bls12-381 precompile tests

* go.mod, go.sum: use latest bls12381 lib

* core/vm: move point encode/decode functions to base library

* crypto/bls12381: introduce bls12-381 library init function

* crypto/bls12381: import bls12381 elliptic curve implementation

* go.mod, go.sum: remove bls12-381 library

* remove unsued frobenious coeffs

supress warning for inp that used in asm

* add mappings tests for zero inputs

fix swu g2 minus z inverse constant

* crypto/bls12381: fix typo

* crypto/bls12381: better comments for bls12381 constants

* crypto/bls12381: swu, use single conditional for e2

* crypto/bls12381: utils, delete empty line

* crypto/bls12381: utils, use FromHex for string to big

* crypto/bls12381: g1, g2, strict length check for FromBytes

* crypto/bls12381: field_element, comparision changes

* crypto/bls12381: change swu, isogeny constants with hex values

* core/vm: fix point multiplication comments

* core/vm: fix multiexp gas calculation and lookup for g1 and g2

* core/vm: simpler imput length check for multiexp and pairing precompiles

* core/vm: rm empty multiexp result declarations

* crypto/bls12381: remove modulus type definition

* crypto/bls12381: use proper init function

* crypto/bls12381: get rid of new lines at fatal desciprtions

* crypto/bls12-381: fix no-adx assembly multiplication

* crypto/bls12-381: remove old config function

* crypto/bls12381: update multiplication backend

this commit changes mul backend to 6limb eip1962 backend

mul assign operations are dropped

* core/vm/contracts_tests: externalize test vectors for precompiles

* core/vm/contracts_test: externalize failure-cases for precompiles

* core/vm: linting

* go.mod: tiny up sum file

* core/vm: fix goimports linter issues

* crypto/bls12381: build tags for plain ASM or ADX implementation

Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>
Co-authored-by: Péter Szilágyi <peterke@gmail.com>

* cmd, core, params: inital support for yolo-v1 testnet (#21154)

* core,params,puppeth: inital support for yolo-v1 testnet

* cmd/geth, core: add yolov1 console flag

* cmd, core, params: YoloV1 bakein fixups

Co-authored-by: Péter Szilágyi <peterke@gmail.com>

* cmd/geth: fix the fork orders for DAO tests

* core: filter out txs with invalid signatures as soon as possible

Once we detect an invalid transaction during recovering signatures, we should
directly exclude this transaction to avoid validating the signatures hereafter.

This should optimize the validations times of transactions with invalid signatures
to only one time.

* acounts/keystore, cmd/faucet: fix faucet double import, fix twitter url

* accounts/keystore, cmd/faucet: return old account to allow unlock

* go.mod: upgrade go-duktape to hide unused function warning (#21168)

* node: missing comma on toml tags (#21187)

* core/vm, crypt/bls12381: fixed comments in bls (#21182)

* core/vm: crypto/bls12381: minor code comments

* crypto/bls12381: fix comment

* core: fix typo in comments (#21181)

* internal/ethapi: return revert reason for eth_call (#21083)

* internal/ethapi: return revert reason for eth_call

* internal/ethapi: moved revert reason logic to doCall

* accounts/abi/bind/backends: added revert reason logic to simulated backend

* internal/ethapi: fixed linting error

* internal/ethapi: check if require reason can be unpacked

* internal/ethapi: better error logic

* internal/ethapi: simplify logic

* internal/ethapi: return vmError()

* internal/ethapi: move handling of revert out of docall

* graphql: removed revert logic until spec change

* rpc: internal/ethapi: added custom error types

* graphql: use returndata instead of return

Return() checks if there is an error. If an error is found, we return nil.
For most use cases it can be beneficial to return the output even if there
was an error. This code should be changed anyway once the spec supports
error reasons in graphql responses

* accounts/abi/bind/backends: added tests for revert reason

* internal/ethapi: add errorCode to revert error

* internal/ethapi: add errorCode of 3 to revertError

* internal/ethapi: unified estimateGasErrors, simplified logic

* internal/ethapi: unified handling of errors in DoEstimateGas

* rpc: print error data field

* accounts/abi/bind/backends: unify simulatedBackend and RPC

* internal/ethapi: added binary data to revertError data

* internal/ethapi: refactored unpacking logic into newRevertError

* accounts/abi/bind/backends: fix EstimateGas

* accounts, console, internal, rpc: minor error interface cleanups

* Revert "accounts, console, internal, rpc: minor error interface cleanups"

This reverts commit 2d3ef53c5304e429a04983210a417c1f4e0dafb7.

* re-apply the good parts of 2d3ef53c53

* rpc: add test for returning server error data from client

Co-authored-by: rjl493456442 <garyrong0905@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Péter Szilágyi <peterke@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

* params: update CHTs for 1.9.15 release

* params: go-ethereum v1.9.15 stable

* params: begin v1.9.16 release cycle

* cmd/ethkey: support --passwordfile in generate command (#21183)

* ethstats: use timer instead of time.sleep (#20924)

* core/vm: use uint256 in EVM implementation (#20787)

* core/vm: use fixed uint256 library instead of big

* core/vm: remove intpools

* core/vm: upgrade uint256, fixes uint256.NewFromBig

* core/vm: use uint256.Int by value in Stack

* core/vm: upgrade uint256 to v1.0.0

* core/vm: don't preallocate space for 1024 stack items (only 16)

Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

* core/state: avoid escape analysis fault when accessing cached state

* accounts/keystore: fix typo in error message (#21200)

* accounts/abi: make GetType public again (#21157)

* eth/downloader: fix spuriously failing tests (#21149)

* eth/downloader tests: fix spurious failing test due to race between receipts/headers

* miner tests: fix travis failure on arm64

* eth/downloader: tests - store td in ancients too

* core, eth, internal: include read storage entries in structlog output (#21204)

* core, eth, internal: extend structLog tracer

* core/vm, internal: add storage view

* core, internal: add slots to storage directly

* core: remove useless

* core: address martin's comment

* core/vm: fix tests

* build, internal/ethapi, crypto/bls12381: fix typos (#21210)

speicifc -> specific
assigened -> assigned
frobenious -> frobenius

* go.mod: update uint256 to 1.1.0 (#21206)

* internal/web3ext: add missing params to debug.accountRange (#21208)

* eth/downloader: don't use defer for unlock before return (#21227)

Co-authored-by: linjing <linjingjing@baidu.com>

* core/rawdb: swap tailId and itemOffset for deleted items in freezer (#21220)

* fix(freezer): tailId filenum offset were misplaced

* core/rawdb: assume first item in freezer always start from zero

* cmd, eth, internal, les: add txfee cap (#21212)

* cmd, eth, internal, les: add gasprice cap

* cmd/utils, eth: add default value for gasprice cap

* all: use txfee cap

* cmd, eth: add fix

* cmd, internal: address comments

* go.mod: update snappy dependency (#21237)

* whisper : use timer.Ticker instead of sleep (#21240)

* whisper : use timer.Ticker instead of sleep

* lint: Fix linter error

Co-authored-by: Guillaume Ballet <gballet@gmail.com>

* core/rawdb: fix high memory usage in freezer (#21243)

The ancients variable in the freezer is a list of hashes, which
identifies all of the hashes to be frozen. The slice is being allocated
with a capacity of `limit`, which is the number of the last block
this batch will attempt to add to the freezer. That means we are
allocating memory for all of the blocks in the freezer, not just
the ones to be added.

If instead we allocate `limit - f.frozen`, we will only allocate
enough space for the blocks we're about to add to the freezer. On
mainnet this reduces usage by about 320 MB.

* common/fdlimit: build on DragonflyBSD (#21241)

* common/fdlimit: build on DragonflyBSD

* review feedback

* whisper: fix time.sleep by time.ticker in whisper_test (#21251)

* p2p: measure packet throughput too, not just bandwidth

* cmd/devp2p: add commands for node key management (#21202)

These commands mirror the key/URL generation functions of cmd/bootnode.

    $ devp2p key generate mynode.key
    $ devp2p key to-enode mynode.key -ip 203.0.113.21 -tcp 30304
    enode://78a7746089baf4b8615f54a5f0b67b22b1

...

* crypto/secp256k1: enable 128-bit int code and endomorphism optimization (#21203)

* crypto/secp256k1: enable use of __int128

This speeds up scalar & field calculations a lot.

* crypto/secp256k1: enable endomorphism optimization

* eth: don't block if transaction broadcast loop fails (#21255)

* eth: don't block if transaction broadcast loop is returned

* eth: kick out peer if we failed to send message

* eth: address comment

* trie: reduce allocs in insertPreimage (#21261)

* core/vm: fix incorrect computation of BLS discount (#21253)

* core/vm: fix incorrect computation of discount

During testing on Yolov1 we found that the way geth calculates the discount
is not in line with the specification. Basically what we did is calculate
128 * Bls12381GXMulGas * discount / 1000 whenever we received more than 128 pairs
of values. Correct would be to calculate k * Bls12381... for k > 128.

* core/vm: better logic for discount calculation

* core/vm: better calculation logic, added worstcase benchmarks

* core/vm: better benchmarking logic

* cmd/geth: make import cmd exit with 1 if import errors occurred (#21244)

The import command should not return a 0 status
code if the import finishes prematurely becaues
of an import error.

Returning the error causes the program to exit with 1
if the err is non nil.

Signed-off-by: meows <b5c6@protonmail.com>

* eth: returned revert reason in traceTx (#21195)

* eth: returned revert reason in traceTx

* eth: return result data

* utils: fix ineffectual miner config flags (#21271)

Without use of global, these flags didn't actually modify
miner configuration, since we weren't grabbing from the
proper context scope, which should be global (vs. subcommand).

Signed-off-by: meows <b5c6@protonmail.com>

* cmd: abstract `getPassPhrase` functions into one (#21219)

* [cmd] Abstract `getPassPhrase` functions into one.

* cmd/ethkey: fix compilation failure

Co-authored-by: rjl493456442 <garyrong0905@gmail.com>

* cmd/evm: add state transition tool for testing (#20958)

This PR implements the EVM state transition tool, which is intended
to be the replacement for our retesteth client implementation.
Documentation is present in the cmd/evm/README.md file.

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

* core: types: less allocations when hashing and tx handling (#21265)

* core, crypto: various allocation savings regarding tx handling

* core: reduce allocs for gas price comparison

This change reduces the allocations needed for comparing different transactions to each other.
A call to `tx.GasPrice()` copies the gas price as it has to be safe against modifications and
also needs to be threadsafe. For comparing and ordering different transactions we don't need
these guarantees

* core: added tx.GasPriceIntCmp for comparison without allocation

adds a method to remove unneeded allocation in comparison to tx.gasPrice

* core/types: pool legacykeccak256 objects in rlpHash

rlpHash is by far the most used function in core that allocates a legacyKeccak256 object on each call.
Since it is so widely used it makes sense to add pooling here so we relieve the GC.
On my machine these changes result in > 100 MILLION less allocations and > 30 GB less allocated memory.

* reverted some changes

* reverted some changes

* trie: use crypto.KeccakState instead of replicating code

Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

* go.mod: bump gopsutil version (#21275)

* go.mod: updated crypto deps causing build failure (#21276)

* eth/downloader: fixes data race between synchronize and other methods (#21201)

* eth/downloaded: fixed datarace between synchronize and Progress

There was a race condition between `downloader.synchronize()` and `Progress` `syncWithPeer` `fetchHeight` `findAncestors` and `processHeaders`
This PR changes the behavior of the downloader a bit.
Previously the functions `Progress` `syncWithPeer` `fetchHeight` `findAncestors` and `processHeaders` read the syncMode anew within their loops. Now they read the syncMode at the start of their function and don't change it during their runtime.

* eth/downloaded: comment

* eth/downloader: added comment

* cmd/geth: LES priority client test (#20719)

This adds a regression test for the LES priority client API.

* rlp: avoid list header allocation in encoder (#21274)

List headers made up 11% of all allocations during sync. This change
removes most of those allocations by keeping the list header values
cached in the encoder buffer instead. Since encoder buffers are pooled,
list headers are no longer allocated in the common case where an
encoder buffer is available for reuse.

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

* core, txpool: less allocations when handling transactions (#21232)

* core: use uint64 for total tx costs instead of big.Int

* core: added local tx pool test case

* core, crypto: various allocation savings regarding tx handling

* Update core/tx_list.go

* core: added tx.GasPriceIntCmp for comparison without allocation

adds a method to remove unneeded allocation in comparison to tx.gasPrice

* core: handle pools full of locals better

* core/tests: benchmark for tx_list

* core/txlist, txpool: save a reheap operation, avoid some bigint allocs

Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

* rpc, internal/ethapi: default rpc gascap at 25M + better error message (#21229)

* rpc, internal/ethapi: default rpc gascap at 50M + better error message

* eth,internal: make globalgascap uint64

* core/tests: fix compilation failure

* eth/config: gascap at 25M + minor review concerns

* internal/ethapi: default gas to maxgascap, not max int64 (#21284)

* ethapi: don't crash when keystore-specific methods are called but external signer used (#21279)

* console: prevent importRawKey from getting into CLI history

* internal/ethapi: error on keystore-methods when no keystore is present

* les/checkpointoracle: don't lookup checkpoint more than once per minute (#21285)

* les/checkpointoracle: don't lookup checkpoint more than once per second

* les/checkpoint/oracle: change oracle checktime to 1 minute

* eth/gasprice: lighter gas price oracle for light client (#20409)

This PR reduces the bandwidth used by the light client to compute the
recommended gas price. The current mechanism for suggesting the price is:

- retrieve recent 20 blocks
- get the lowest gas price of these blocks
- sort the price array and return the middle(60%) one

This works for full nodes, which have all blocks available locally.
However, this is very expensive for the light client because the light
client needs to retrieve block bodies from the network.

The PR changes the default options for light client. With the new config,
the light client only retrieves the two latest blocks, but in order to
collect more sample transactions, the 3 lowest prices are collected from
each block.

This PR also changes the behavior for empty blocks. If the block is empty,
the lastest price is reused for sampling.

* cmd/geth: allow configuring metrics HTTP server on separate endpoint (#21290)

Exposing /debug/metrics and /debug/metrics/prometheus was dependent
on --pprof, which also exposes other HTTP APIs. This change makes it possible
to run the metrics server on an independent endpoint without enabling pprof.

* build/ci: handle split up listing (#21293)

* rlp: reduce allocations for big.Int and byte array encoding (#21291)

This change further improves the performance of RLP encoding by removing
allocations for big.Int and [...]byte types. I have added a new benchmark
that measures RLP encoding of types.Block to verify that performance is
improved.

* cmd, node: dump empty value config (#21296)

* cmd/clef: Update README with external v6.0.0 & internal v7.0.1 APIs (#21298)

Changes include:
* Updates response docs for `account_new`, `account_list`, `account_signTransaction`
* Removes `account_import`, `account_export` docs
* Adds `account_version` docs
* Updates request docs for `ui_approveListing`, `ui_approveSignData`, `ui_showInfo`, `ui_showError`, `ui_onApprovedTx`
* Adds `ui_approveNewAccount`, `ui_onInputRequired` docs

* cmd/devp2p: add discv4 test suite (#21163)

This adds a test suite for discovery v4. The test suite is a port of the Hive suite for
discovery, and will replace the current suite on Hive soon-ish. The tests can be
run locally with this command:

    devp2p discv4 test -remote enode//...

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

* cmd/clef: Fix broken link in README and other minor fixes (#21303)

* eth: increase timeout in TestBroadcastBlock (#21299)

* go.mod: upgrade to github.com/golang/snappy with arm64 asm (#21304)

* eth/downloader: fix peer idleness tracking when restarting state sync (#21260)

This fixes two issues with state sync restarts:

When sync restarts with a new root, some peers can have in-flight requests.
Since all peers with active requests were marked idle when exiting sync,
the new sync would schedule more requests for those peers. When the
response for the earlier request arrived, the new sync would reject it and
mark the peer idle again, rendering the peer useless until it disconnected.

The other issue was that peers would not be marked idle when they had
delivered a response, but the response hadn't been processed before
restarting the state sync. This also made the peer useless because it
would be permanently marked busy.

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

* Revert "core, txpool: less allocations when handling transactions (#21232)"

Reverting because this change started handling account balances as
uint64 in the transaction pool, which is incorrect.

This reverts commit af5c97ae.

* common/math: use math/bits intrinsics for Safe* (#21316)

This is a resubmit of ledgerwatch/turbo-geth#556. The performance
benefit of this change is negligible, but it does remove a TODO.

* cmd/geth, cmd/puppeth: replace deprecated rpc and ws flags in tests and docs (#21317)

* accounts/external: remove dependency on internal/ethapi (#21319)

Fixes #20535

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

* params: go-ethereum v1.9.16 stable

* chg: no need GO111MODULE

* chg: refactor sync event

Co-authored-by: Hanjiang Yu <42531996+de1acr0ix@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>
Co-authored-by: ligi <ligi@ligi.de>
Co-authored-by: Wenbiao Zheng <delweng@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>
Co-authored-by: Adam Schmideg <adamschmideg@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: gary rong <garyrong0905@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Jeff Wentworth <jeff@curvegrid.com>
Co-authored-by: ucwong <ucwong@126.com>
Co-authored-by: Paweł Bylica <chfast@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Marius van der Wijden <m.vanderwijden@live.de>
Co-authored-by: Luke Champine <luke.champine@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Boqin Qin <Bobbqqin@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: William Morriss <wjmelements@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: rene <41963722+renaynay@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Guillaume Ballet <gballet@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Raw Pong Ghmoa <58883403+q9f@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Felföldi Zsolt <zsfelfoldi@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Péter Szilágyi <peterke@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Nishant Das <nish1993@hotmail.com>
Co-authored-by: icodezjb <icodezjb@163.com>
Co-authored-by: tgyKomgo <52910426+tgyKomgo@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Steven E. Harris <seh@panix.com>
Co-authored-by: Julian Y <jyap808@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: ploui <64719999+ploui@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Alexey Akhunov <akhounov@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: AusIV <git@ausiv.com>
Co-authored-by: Hao Duan <duanhao0814@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Hao Duan <duan.hao@hyperchain.cn>
Co-authored-by: Satpal <28562234+SatpalSandhu61@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Martin Michlmayr <tbm@cyrius.com>
Co-authored-by: yutianwu <wzxingbupt@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: meowsbits <45600330+meowsbits@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Richard Patel <me@terorie.dev>
Co-authored-by: sixdays <lj491685571@126.com>
Co-authored-by: linjing <linjingjing@baidu.com>
Co-authored-by: Greg Colvin <greg@colvin.org>
Co-authored-by: chenglin <910372762@qq.com>
Co-authored-by: kilic <onurkilic1004@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Mariano Cortesi <mcortesi@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Ev <ev@ethereum.org>
Co-authored-by: libby kent <viskovitzzz@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Pau <pau@dabax.net>
Co-authored-by: Natsu Kagami <natsukagami@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Yang Hau <vulxj0j8j8@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: HackyMiner <hackyminer@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: zhangsoledad <787953403@qq.com>
Co-authored-by: AusIV <code@ausiv.com>
Co-authored-by: meowsbits <b5c6@protonmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Binacs <bin646891055@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: chris-j-h <39617426+chris-j-h@users.noreply.github.com>

* fix: last index for state sub (#79)

* new: add without-heimdall flag for testing purpose

* new: add without-heimdall flag

* fix: inputs for from and to addresses for transfer log

Co-authored-by: Arpit Agarwal <93arpit@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Hanjiang Yu <42531996+de1acr0ix@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>
Co-authored-by: ligi <ligi@ligi.de>
Co-authored-by: Wenbiao Zheng <delweng@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>
Co-authored-by: Adam Schmideg <adamschmideg@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: gary rong <garyrong0905@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Jeff Wentworth <jeff@curvegrid.com>
Co-authored-by: ucwong <ucwong@126.com>
Co-authored-by: Paweł Bylica <chfast@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Marius van der Wijden <m.vanderwijden@live.de>
Co-authored-by: Luke Champine <luke.champine@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Boqin Qin <Bobbqqin@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: William Morriss <wjmelements@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: rene <41963722+renaynay@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Guillaume Ballet <gballet@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Raw Pong Ghmoa <58883403+q9f@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Felföldi Zsolt <zsfelfoldi@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Péter Szilágyi <peterke@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Nishant Das <nish1993@hotmail.com>
Co-authored-by: icodezjb <icodezjb@163.com>
Co-authored-by: tgyKomgo <52910426+tgyKomgo@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Steven E. Harris <seh@panix.com>
Co-authored-by: Julian Y <jyap808@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: ploui <64719999+ploui@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Alexey Akhunov <akhounov@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: AusIV <git@ausiv.com>
Co-authored-by: Hao Duan <duanhao0814@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Hao Duan <duan.hao@hyperchain.cn>
Co-authored-by: Satpal <28562234+SatpalSandhu61@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Martin Michlmayr <tbm@cyrius.com>
Co-authored-by: yutianwu <wzxingbupt@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: meowsbits <45600330+meowsbits@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Richard Patel <me@terorie.dev>
Co-authored-by: sixdays <lj491685571@126.com>
Co-authored-by: linjing <linjingjing@baidu.com>
Co-authored-by: Greg Colvin <greg@colvin.org>
Co-authored-by: chenglin <910372762@qq.com>
Co-authored-by: kilic <onurkilic1004@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Mariano Cortesi <mcortesi@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Ev <ev@ethereum.org>
Co-authored-by: libby kent <viskovitzzz@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Pau <pau@dabax.net>
Co-authored-by: Natsu Kagami <natsukagami@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Yang Hau <vulxj0j8j8@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: HackyMiner <hackyminer@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: zhangsoledad <787953403@qq.com>
Co-authored-by: AusIV <code@ausiv.com>
Co-authored-by: meowsbits <b5c6@protonmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Binacs <bin646891055@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: chris-j-h <39617426+chris-j-h@users.noreply.github.com>

* fix: resolve conflict

* chg: use bor url for import

* Fix regressions from merge

Co-authored-by: Jaynti Kanani <jdkanani@gmail.com>

* Initial work on a graphql API

* Added receipts, and more transaction fields.

* Finish receipts, add logs

* Add transactionCount to block

* Add types  and .

* Update Block type to be compatible with ethql

* Rename nonce to transactionCount in Account, to be compatible with ethql

* Update transaction, receipt and log to match ethql

* Add  query operator, for a range of blocks

* Added ommerCount to Block

* Add transactionAt and ommerAt to Block

* Added sendRawTransaction mutation

* Add Call and EstimateGas to graphQL API

* Refactored to use hexutil.Bytes instead of HexBytes

* Replace BigNum with hexutil.Big

* Refactor call and estimateGas to use ethapi struct type

* Replace ethgraphql.Address with common.Address

* Replace ethgraphql.Hash with common.Hash

* Converted most quantities to Long instead of Int

* Add support for logs

* Fix bug in runFilter

* Restructured Transaction to work primarily with headers, so uncle data is reported properly

* Add gasPrice API

* Add protocolVersion API

* Add syncing API

* Moved schema into its own source file

* Move some single use args types into anonymous structs

* Add doc-comments

* Fixed backend fetching to use context

* Added (very) basic tests

* Add documentation to the graphql schema

* Fix reversion for formatting of big numbers

* Correct spelling error

* s/BigInt/Long/

* Update common/types.go

* Fixes in response to review

* Fix lint error

* Updated calls on private functions

* Fix typo in graphql.go

* Rollback ethapi breaking changes for graphql support
Co-Authored-By: Arachnid <arachnid@notdot.net>

* dashboard: footer, deep state update

* dashboard: resolve asset path

* dashboard: prevent state update on every reconnection

* dashboard: fix linter issue

* dashboard, cmd: minor UI fix, include commit hash

* dashboard: gitCommit renamed to commit

* dashboard: move the geth version to the right, make commit optional

* dashboard: memory, traffic and CPU on footer

* dashboard: fix merge

* dashboard: CPU, diskIO on footer

* dashboard: rename variables, use group declaration

* dashboard: docs

Go 1.6 only prints stacks for the current goroutine by default,
but for this panic we want to see all of them.

* Moved `vm.Transfer` to `core` package and changed execution to call
`env.Transfer` instead of `core.Transfer` directly.
* core/vm: byte code VM moved to jump table instead of switch
* Moved `vm.Transfer` to `core` package and changed execution to call
  `env.Transfer` instead of `core.Transfer` directly.
* Byte code VM now shares the same code as the JITVM
* Renamed Context to Contract
* Changed initialiser of state transition & unexported methods
* Removed the Execution object and refactor `Call`, `CallCode` &
  `Create` in to their own functions instead of being methods.
* Removed the hard dep on the state for the VM. The VM now
  depends on a Database interface returned by the environment. In the
  process the core now depends less on the statedb by usage of the env
* Moved `Log` from package `core/state` to package `core/vm`.

I forgot to update one instance of "go-ethereum" in commit 3f047be5.

All code outside of cmd/ is licensed as LGPL. The headers
now reflect this by calling the whole work "the go-ethereum library".

This also reduces the time required spend in the VM

* Cleaned up VM execution. VM run now takes a context
* ADDMOD/MULMOD - removed incorrect cast

commit 779f25d3
Author: CJentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Thu Dec 11 22:59:56 2014 +0100

    first random test

commit 68175386
Author: CJentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Thu Dec 11 21:34:50 2014 +0100

    update gas prices

commit ad322fbb
Author: CJentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Mon Dec 8 06:01:17 2014 +0100

    Log as array

commit f989f426
Author: CJentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Fri Dec 5 15:12:12 2014 +0100

    state log tests

commit 4bc65d11
Author: CJentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Thu Dec 4 18:18:49 2014 +0100

    add calldataload, codecopy, extcodecopy tests

commit 12cfae18
Author: CJentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Thu Dec 4 15:57:56 2014 +0100

    add calldataload test

commit 086caf37
Author: CJentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Wed Dec 3 08:31:03 2014 +0100

    protocol update (CALLCODE <-> RETURN), topics in log are arrays not sets

commit e6c92673
Author: CJentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Mon Dec 1 21:14:08 2014 +0100

    update state tests with logs

commit 4089b809
Author: CJentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Mon Dec 1 18:19:40 2014 +0100

    update gas costs

commit cfdca622
Merge: 2e5175e8 f59f89d8
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Mon Dec 1 18:04:51 2014 +0100

    Merge pull request #42 from negedzuregal/fix

    vmTest fix

commit f59f89d8
Author: alon muroch <alonmuroch@gmail.com>
Date:   Mon Dec 1 16:18:12 2014 +0100

    vmEnvironmentalInfoTest CALLDATACOPY, CODECOPY, EXTCODECOPY fix

commit 68da13fe
Author: alon muroch <alonmuroch@gmail.com>
Date:   Mon Dec 1 11:10:57 2014 +0100

    vmArithmeticTest exp fix

commit 2e5175e8
Author: ethers <ethereum@outlook.com>
Date:   Sun Nov 30 19:55:51 2014 +0100

    add vmLogTest

commit b5b9408e
Author: Heiko Heiko <heiko@heiko.org>
Date:   Sun Nov 30 16:27:27 2014 +0100

    updated genesis to new header w/o min_gas_price

commit 8e69fbfa
Author: ethers <ethereum@outlook.com>
Date:   Fri Nov 21 17:42:05 2014 -0800

    add special tests

commit 90f4f942
Author: ethers <ethereum@outlook.com>
Date:   Thu Nov 20 19:01:09 2014 -0800

    typo

commit c5e5228e
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Thu Nov 20 17:04:06 2014 +0100

    Removed log,post,out,gas,callcreates if exception occured

commit 9c0232a2
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Wed Nov 19 18:19:05 2014 +0100

    MakeMoney test

commit 3ba0007e
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Wed Nov 19 16:23:04 2014 +0100

    Added log sections in all vmtests + log tests

commit d84be4fe
Merge: c8497ab2 76d25420
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Wed Nov 19 10:00:24 2014 +0100

    Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/develop' into develop

commit c8497ab2
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Wed Nov 19 10:00:02 2014 +0100

    new push32 test and renaming

commit 76d25420
Author: ethers <ethereum@outlook.com>
Date:   Mon Nov 17 18:59:30 2014 -0800

    adding test

commit 0be275e7
Merge: 1d42d1d7 d90868c3
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Mon Nov 17 22:47:34 2014 +0100

    Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/develop' into develop

commit 1d42d1d7
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Mon Nov 17 22:46:51 2014 +0100

    fix ecrecover2

commit d90868c3
Merge: 1f38c8c0 6dbcf6b0
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Mon Nov 17 20:26:59 2014 +0100

    Merge pull request #39 from wanderer/develop

    added test for max call depth on creation

commit 6dbcf6b0
Author: wanderer <mjbecze@gmail.com>
Date:   Mon Nov 17 14:06:43 2014 -0500

    spelling fix

commit 6fc07a7f
Author: wanderer <mjbecze@gmail.com>
Date:   Sat Nov 15 21:39:16 2014 -0500

    added test for max call depth on creation

commit 1f38c8c0
Merge: 279b284c cd85ca17
Author: martin becze <wanderer@users.noreply.github.com>
Date:   Fri Nov 14 20:10:21 2014 -0500

    Merge pull request #38 from wanderer/develop

    updated test  'jeff' in trietest.json

commit cd85ca17
Author: martin becze <wanderer@users.noreply.github.com>
Date:   Fri Nov 14 19:59:34 2014 -0500

    Update trietest.json

commit 279b284c
Merge: 89675a71 6cae937e
Author: martin becze <wanderer@users.noreply.github.com>
Date:   Fri Nov 14 17:43:49 2014 -0500

    Merge pull request #37 from wanderer/develop

    Update trietest.json

commit 6cae937e
Author: martin becze <wanderer@users.noreply.github.com>
Date:   Fri Nov 14 17:20:03 2014 -0500

    Update trietest.json

    'emptyValues' should have the same root as 'puppy'

commit 89675a71
Merge: f1de1cc9 32f0c47c
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Thu Nov 13 23:17:49 2014 +0100

    Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/develop' into develop

commit f1de1cc9
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Thu Nov 13 23:17:13 2014 +0100

    Fix CallRecursiveBomb2

commit 32f0c47c
Merge: ab50e766 3da90d01
Author: martin becze <wanderer@users.noreply.github.com>
Date:   Thu Nov 13 15:26:49 2014 -0500

    Merge pull request #36 from wanderer/develop

    converted back to arrary format

commit ab50e766
Merge: d06b792c 78f1e4a9
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Thu Nov 13 07:52:35 2014 +0100

    Merge pull request #35 from ethers/delOld

    rename tests since they are valid opcodes that exist

commit 3da90d01
Author: wanderer <mjbecze@gmail.com>
Date:   Wed Nov 12 22:22:47 2014 -0500

    converted back to arrary format

commit 78f1e4a9
Author: ethers <ethereum@outlook.com>
Date:   Wed Nov 12 19:11:06 2014 -0800

    rename tests since they are valid opcodes that exist

commit d06b792c
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Wed Nov 12 07:00:17 2014 +0100

    minor change in CallSha256_1_nonzeroValue test

commit d434ecdc
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Wed Nov 12 06:56:31 2014 +0100

    Added CallSha256_1_nonzeroValue test

commit 2c06f34c
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Tue Nov 11 18:10:26 2014 +0100

    Store return value of call to precompiled contracts

commit 4b0c3b29
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Tue Nov 11 17:51:14 2014 +0100

    Fix gas cost for OOG calls

commit 63bcca76
Author: Heiko Heiko <heiko@heiko.org>
Date:   Tue Nov 11 08:59:19 2014 +0100

    fix: genesis test

commit 6e0310c1
Merge: 30c266ca 2927763d
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Tue Nov 11 08:34:36 2014 +0100

    Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/develop' into develop

commit 30c266ca
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Tue Nov 11 08:33:59 2014 +0100

    jump to position outside code stops execution

commit 2927763d
Author: ethers <ethereum@outlook.com>
Date:   Mon Nov 10 14:10:22 2014 -0800

    RandomTests were removed

commit a0fa91b2
Merge: 60924843 fcba8667
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Mon Nov 10 22:22:05 2014 +0100

    Merge branch 'develop' of https://github.com/ethereum/tests into develop

commit 60924843
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Mon Nov 10 22:21:37 2014 +0100

    Unintended Exceptions work like OOG

commit fcba8667
Author: ethers <TODO>
Date:   Thu Nov 6 14:19:59 2014 -0800

    add StateTests

commit a441074b
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Thu Nov 6 17:54:36 2014 +0100

    Updated precompiled contracts test

commit 0afa72c8
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Thu Nov 6 15:27:45 2014 +0100

    Added precompiledContracts tests

commit 6be83dd5
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Thu Nov 6 13:31:34 2014 +0100

    Update gas cost for PoC7

commit c18b8ab2
Merge: 66c2e1f6 9a932582
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Thu Nov 6 09:19:53 2014 +0100

    Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/develop' into develop

commit 66c2e1f6
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Thu Nov 6 09:19:22 2014 +0100

    Updated SIGNEXTEND tests

commit 9a932582
Author: ethers <TODO>
Date:   Wed Nov 5 16:20:26 2014 -0800

    part of 9b4e7689 - Delete vmNamecoin.json

commit e229374f
Merge: 189527e5 9b4e7689
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Wed Nov 5 20:59:49 2014 +0100

    Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/develop' into develop

commit 189527e5
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Wed Nov 5 20:59:20 2014 +0100

    added dynamic jump out of code

commit 9b4e7689
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Wed Nov 5 20:41:54 2014 +0100

    Delete vmNamecoin.json

commit 4669b569
Merge: a567feda aaba185c
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Wed Nov 5 15:00:12 2014 +0100

    Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/develop' into develop

commit a567feda
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Wed Nov 5 14:59:08 2014 +0100

    added state systemOperationsTest

commit aaba185c
Merge: 79d7cbfc fa782aed
Author: ethers <ethereum@outlook.com>
Date:   Tue Nov 4 12:15:40 2014 -0800

    Merge pull request #32 from ethers/indexjs

    updates needed per restructure

commit fa782aed
Author: ethers <TODO>
Date:   Tue Nov 4 11:28:56 2014 -0800

    updates needed per restructure

commit 79d7cbfc
Merge: 9120274a 1c1ba8d1
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Tue Nov 4 13:32:11 2014 +0100

    Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/develop' into develop

commit 9120274a
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Tue Nov 4 13:31:27 2014 +0100

    Update tests to latest protocol changes (PoC7)

commit 1c1ba8d1
Merge: 014d370b 3aebe532
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Tue Nov 4 13:30:52 2014 +0100

    Merge pull request #31 from CJentzsch/develop

    Restructered tests in folders in accordance to test suites

commit 3aebe532
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Mon Nov 3 13:58:21 2014 +0100

    Updated vmNamecoin.json to new sstore prices

commit 8a0be218
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Mon Nov 3 13:53:00 2014 +0100

    Added example state test

commit 83643add
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Mon Nov 3 13:36:25 2014 +0100

    removed systemoperationstests

commit 3930ca3a
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Mon Nov 3 13:22:15 2014 +0100

    Restructered tests in folders in accordance to test suites

commit 014d370b
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Wed Oct 29 21:23:56 2014 +0100

    New SIGNEXTEND tets

commit 155d449b
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Wed Oct 29 20:59:05 2014 +0100

    New tests for BNOT and SIGNEXTEND

commit c9eae764
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Tue Oct 28 12:58:27 2014 +0100

    Update SSTORE gas cost and BNOT instead of NEG

commit ad2a75ac
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Thu Oct 23 16:05:49 2014 +0200

    Added new recursive bombs

commit 834c52af
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Thu Oct 23 12:01:05 2014 +0200

    Changing gas cost to zero at stackunderflow

commit c73a8a89
Author: Jeffrey Wilcke <obscuren@users.noreply.github.com>
Date:   Wed Oct 22 13:04:45 2014 +0200

    Reverted back to original value.

commit b9a8c924
Author: martin becze <wanderer@users.noreply.github.com>
Date:   Tue Oct 21 17:02:52 2014 -0400

    fix spelling error

commit b48ae74a
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Tue Oct 21 17:26:26 2014 +0200

    Added failing random tests

commit bee0a410
Merge: 5050d20b b315da61
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Tue Oct 21 17:15:05 2014 +0200

    Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/master' into develop

commit 5050d20b
Merge: 75166857 ba353628
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Mon Oct 20 20:18:20 2014 +0200

    Merge pull request #26 from wanderer/develop

    Add a package.json for node.js

commit ba353628
Author: wanderer <mjbecze@gmail.com>
Date:   Sun Oct 19 23:59:47 2014 -0400

    turned tests into a node module

commit 75166857
Author: ethers <ethereum@outlook.com>
Date:   Thu Oct 16 17:08:20 2014 -0700

    json was invalid and missing quotes

commit 0e687cee
Author: Jeffrey Wilcke <obscuren@users.noreply.github.com>
Date:   Thu Oct 16 17:13:24 2014 +0200

    Update vmEnvironmentalInfoTest.json

commit 78a78e2e
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Wed Oct 15 14:19:11 2014 +0200

    updated genesis_hash

commit b315da61
Merge: 7a7e1983 0a76a3a3
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Tue Oct 14 10:33:26 2014 +0200

    Merge pull request #23 from ethers/fix22

    numbers should be strings #22

commit 0a76a3a3
Author: ethers <ethereum@outlook.com>
Date:   Mon Oct 13 14:45:30 2014 -0700

    numbers should be strings #22

commit 1f67385f
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Sat Oct 11 13:18:00 2014 +0200

    Added some MUL tests

commit 7a7e1983
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Sat Oct 11 13:11:59 2014 +0200

    Added some MUL tests

commit 46eb6283
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Sat Oct 11 12:18:13 2014 +0200

    tested new opcodes (JUMPDEST,CALLCODE) and created test for CALL/CREATE depth

commit 8d38d62d
Author: Nick Savers <nicksavers@gmail.com>
Date:   Fri Oct 10 18:09:41 2014 +0200

    INVALID stops the operation and doesn't cost gas

commit ed6eba7c
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Wed Oct 8 19:08:48 2014 +0200

    Update + ABA recursive bomb which needs maximum recursion limit of 1024

commit 2d72050d
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Wed Oct 8 14:37:18 2014 +0200

    Applied recent protocol changes (PoC7) to existin tests

commit dfe66cab
Merge: 4513623d 1a67a96c
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Wed Oct 8 11:05:51 2014 +0200

    Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/develop'

    Conflicts:
    	genesishashestest.json

commit 1a67a96c
Merge: a4f5f452 ffd6bc97
Author: vbuterin <v@buterin.com>
Date:   Tue Oct 7 15:10:23 2014 +0100

    Merge pull request #18 from CJentzsch/develop

    CallToNameRegistratorOutOfGas balance correction

commit ffd6bc97
Merge: a4f5f452 9779d67b
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Tue Oct 7 15:47:34 2014 +0200

    Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/develop' into develop

commit 9779d67b
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Tue Oct 7 15:45:53 2014 +0200

    CallToNameRegistratorOutOfGas balance correction

    Even if execution fails, the value gets transferred.

commit a4f5f452
Merge: 49a9f47a b6d7cba4
Author: vbuterin <v@buterin.com>
Date:   Tue Oct 7 14:13:12 2014 +0100

    Merge pull request #17 from CJentzsch/develop

    Added A calls B calls A contracts

commit b6d7cba4
Merge: 865cb408 49a9f47a
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Tue Oct 7 15:02:51 2014 +0200

    Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/develop' into develop

commit 865cb408
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Tue Oct 7 15:02:36 2014 +0200

    Added A calls B calls A contracts

commit 49a9f47a
Merge: 3b0ec436 94a493b0
Author: Jeffrey Wilcke <obscuren@users.noreply.github.com>
Date:   Tue Oct 7 10:56:17 2014 +0200

    Merge pull request #16 from CJentzsch/develop

    corrected amount of used gas for CallToNameRegistratorOutOfGas

commit 94a493b0
Merge: 72853c43 3b0ec436
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Tue Oct 7 10:51:32 2014 +0200

    Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/develop' into develop

commit 72853c43
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Tue Oct 7 10:51:07 2014 +0200

    corrected amount of used gas for CallToNameRegistratorOutOfGas

commit 3b0ec436
Merge: aec3252b 222068b9
Author: vbuterin <v@buterin.com>
Date:   Tue Oct 7 05:52:43 2014 +0100

    Merge pull request #15 from CJentzsch/develop

    corrected tests and different style for storage

commit 222068b9
Merge: c1696531 aec3252b
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Mon Oct 6 21:17:28 2014 +0200

    Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/develop' into develop

commit c1696531
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Mon Oct 6 21:17:09 2014 +0200

    corrected tests and different style for storage

commit aec3252b
Merge: 25f9fd54 e17a909f
Author: vbuterin <v@buterin.com>
Date:   Mon Oct 6 09:39:46 2014 +0100

    Merge pull request #14 from CJentzsch/develop

    corrected gas limit in vmSystemOperationsTest

commit e17a909f
Merge: 33fcab57 25f9fd54
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Mon Oct 6 10:31:51 2014 +0200

    Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/develop' into develop

commit 33fcab57
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Mon Oct 6 10:30:04 2014 +0200

    Bug fix, corrected gasLimit in vmSystemOperationsTest

commit 25f9fd54
Author: Vitalik Buterin <v@buterin.com>
Date:   Sat Oct 4 15:47:00 2014 -0400

    one more vm test

commit 2d561a53
Author: Vitalik Buterin <v@buterin.com>
Date:   Sat Oct 4 15:15:37 2014 -0400

    separated out vmtests

commit b0c48fa8
Merge: cb8261a7 6cae166f
Author: vbuterin <v@buterin.com>
Date:   Sat Oct 4 17:18:02 2014 +0100

    Merge pull request #13 from CJentzsch/develop

    Added comprehensive EVM test suite. All commands are tested.

commit 6cae166f
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Wed Oct 1 15:34:23 2014 +0200

    Delete tmp.json

commit 4ff906fb
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Wed Oct 1 14:06:32 2014 +0200

    corrected CALLSTATELESS tests

commit 5b3fee68
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Mon Sep 29 13:08:44 2014 +0200

    Completed vm tests. Added ADDMOD, MULMOD, POST, CALLSTATELESS

commit 9cdd2180
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Sat Sep 27 21:48:09 2014 +0200

    Added IOandFlowOperation-, PushDupSwap- and SystemOperations- tests. Removed empty storage from adresses.

commit 28ed968b
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Tue Sep 23 15:49:22 2014 +0200

    Added blockInfoTest

commit ffbd5a35
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Tue Sep 23 15:37:52 2014 +0200

    Added environmentalInfo- and sha3- test

commit 54c14f1f
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Mon Sep 22 13:06:57 2014 +0200

    Added bitwise logic operation test

commit d0af113a
Author: Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
Date:   Sat Sep 20 01:42:51 2014 +0200

    Added vm arithmetic test

commit cb8261a7
Author: Jeffrey Wilcke <obscuren@users.noreply.github.com>
Date:   Fri Sep 19 13:15:44 2014 +0200

    Update genesishashestest.json

commit 4513623d
Author: Maran <maran.hidskes@gmail.com>
Date:   Tue Jul 22 12:24:46 2014 +0200

    Update keyaddrtest to be valid JSON

commit e8cb5c22
Author: Vitalik Buterin <v@buterin.com>
Date:   Mon Jul 21 23:30:33 2014 -0400

    Added next/prev trie test

commit 98823c04
Author: Vitalik Buterin <v@buterin.com>
Date:   Mon Jul 14 02:51:31 2014 -0400

    Replaced with deterministic test

commit 357eb21e
Author: Vitalik Buterin <v@buterin.com>
Date:   Sun Jul 13 16:12:56 2014 -0400

    Added my own random and namecoin tests (pyethereum)

commit 00cd0cce
Author: Gav Wood <i@gavwood.com>
Date:   Sat Jul 12 21:20:04 2014 +0200

    Output hex strings.

commit ddfa3af4
Author: Gav Wood <i@gavwood.com>
Date:   Thu Jul 10 11:28:35 2014 +0100

    Everything a string.

commit d659f469
Author: Gav Wood <i@gavwood.com>
Date:   Thu Jul 10 10:16:25 2014 +0100

    Code fixes.

commit 5e83ea82
Author: Gav Wood <i@gavwood.com>
Date:   Sun Jul 6 16:17:12 2014 +0200

    Prettier VM tests.

commit a09aae0e
Author: Gav Wood <i@gavwood.com>
Date:   Sun Jul 6 15:46:01 2014 +0200

    Fix VM tests.

commit ec9a044a
Merge: 4bb64611 5e0123fb
Author: Jeffrey Wilcke <obscuren@users.noreply.github.com>
Date:   Fri Jul 4 15:56:52 2014 +0200

    Merge pull request #10 from romanman/patch-1

    Update vmtests.json

commit 5e0123fb
Author: romanman <roman.mandeleil@gmail.com>
Date:   Fri Jul 4 10:23:04 2014 +0100

    Update vmtests.json

commit 2b6da2f5
Author: romanman <roman.mandeleil@gmail.com>
Date:   Thu Jul 3 17:45:04 2014 +0100

    Update vmtests.json

    arith testcase updated

commit 4bb64611
Merge: bba38980 a33b309d
Author: Gav Wood <i@gavwood.com>
Date:   Wed Jul 2 19:43:22 2014 +0200

    Merge branch 'develop' of github.com:/ethereum/tests into develop

commit bba38980
Author: Gav Wood <i@gavwood.com>
Date:   Wed Jul 2 19:43:06 2014 +0200

    New tests.

commit a33b309d
Author: Vitalik Buterin <v@buterin.com>
Date:   Wed Jul 2 10:14:05 2014 -0400

    Testing submodules

commit 50318217
Author: Vitalik Buterin <v@buterin.com>
Date:   Wed Jul 2 10:10:46 2014 -0400

    Testing submodules

commit 57fa6555
Author: Vitalik Buterin <v@buterin.com>
Date:   Wed Jul 2 10:09:08 2014 -0400

    Testing submodules

commit ea0eb0a8
Author: Gav Wood <i@gavwood.com>
Date:   Tue Jul 1 15:19:34 2014 +0200

    Latest genesis block.

commit 25bb76b6
Author: Jeffrey Wilcke <obscuren@users.noreply.github.com>
Date:   Mon Jun 30 13:25:04 2014 +0200

    Reset

commit 74c6d842
Author: Jeffrey Wilcke <obscuren@users.noreply.github.com>
Date:   Mon Jun 30 12:10:06 2014 +0200

    Updated wrong test

commit 9ea3a602
Author: Jeffrey Wilcke <obscuren@users.noreply.github.com>
Date:   Sat Jun 28 18:48:28 2014 +0200

    Fixed roots

commit 5fc3ac0e
Author: Gav Wood <i@gavwood.com>
Date:   Sat Jun 28 18:40:06 2014 +0200

    Simple hex test.

commit edd3a00c
Author: Gav Wood <i@gavwood.com>
Date:   Sat Jun 28 18:22:18 2014 +0200

    Additional test for jeff. Now use the 0x... notation.

commit 5021e0dd
Author: Gav Wood <i@gavwood.com>
Date:   Fri Jun 27 21:35:26 2014 +0200

    VM test framework updated.

commit c818d132
Author: Gav Wood <i@gavwood.com>
Date:   Fri Jun 27 18:18:24 2014 +0200

    Removed arrays from Trie tests JSON as per conformance guide and changed
    vocabulary to match other tests.
    VM test updates.

commit 714770ff
Author: Gav Wood <i@gavwood.com>
Date:   Wed Jun 11 11:32:42 2014 +0100

    Added Gav's new address.

commit 9345bc13
Merge: a2257f34 78576dd3
Author: Gav Wood <i@gavwood.com>
Date:   Fri May 30 17:50:38 2014 +0200

    Merge branch 'master' of github.com:ethereum/tests into develop

commit a2257f34
Author: Gav Wood <i@gavwood.com>
Date:   Fri May 30 17:50:18 2014 +0200

    VM tests.

commit 78576dd3
Author: Heiko Heiko <heiko@heiko.org>
Date:   Fri May 30 17:19:09 2014 +0200

    changes based on new account structure nonce, balance, storage, code

commit 125839e8
Merge: 42e14ec5 356a3296
Author: Jeffrey Wilcke <obscuren@users.noreply.github.com>
Date:   Thu May 22 09:58:45 2014 +0200

    Merge pull request #5 from bkirwi/master

    Fix invalid JSON (removed trailing comma) and add test names

commit 356a3296
Author: Ben Kirwin <ben@kirw.in>
Date:   Thu May 22 00:20:48 2014 -0400

    Add some arbitrary test names

    This should now conform to the format specified in the README.

commit 42e14ec5
Author: Chen Houwu <chenhouwu@gmail.com>
Date:   Wed May 21 23:27:40 2014 +0800

    revert to correct data

commit 4300197a
Author: Chen Houwu <chenhouwu@gmail.com>
Date:   Wed May 21 22:42:23 2014 +0800

    fix: wrong sha3 hash because of the wrong rlp hex

commit a0d01b1a
Author: Chen Houwu <chenhouwu@gmail.com>
Date:   Wed May 21 22:29:53 2014 +0800

    fix: wrong rlp hex

commit 6bc2fc74
Merge: 66bc3665 c31a93c2
Author: Jeffrey Wilcke <obscuren@users.noreply.github.com>
Date:   Wed May 21 14:11:37 2014 +0200

    Merge pull request #4 from ethers/master

    fix file name that seems to have been a typo

commit c31a93c2
Author: ethers <ethereum@outlook.com>
Date:   Tue May 20 15:42:39 2014 -0700

    fix file name that seems to have been a typo

commit 66bc3665
Author: Heiko Heiko <heiko@heiko.org>
Date:   Tue May 20 17:36:35 2014 +0200

    fix: represent integers as strings

commit ede5499d
Author: Heiko Heiko <heiko@heiko.org>
Date:   Tue May 20 17:21:09 2014 +0200

    add: current initial alloc and genesis hashes

commit 5131429a
Author: Ben Kirwin <ben@kirw.in>
Date:   Mon May 19 11:18:31 2014 -0400

    Delete a comma

    This should now be parseable as JSON.

commit f44a8593
Author: Chen Houwu <chenhouwu@gmail.com>
Date:   Sun May 18 15:04:42 2014 +0800

    add: case when value is long, ensure it's not get rlp encoded as node

commit e1ae4ad4
Author: Gav Wood <i@gavwood.com>
Date:   Mon May 12 14:40:47 2014 +0100

    PoC-5 VM tests.

commit 2b6c136d
Author: Vitalik Buterin <v@buterin.com>
Date:   Sun May 11 21:42:41 2014 -0400

    Moved txt to json

commit cbccbf97
Merge: edbb8d40 45a0974f
Author: Vitalik Buterin <v@buterin.com>
Date:   Thu May 8 21:54:48 2014 -0400

    New commit

commit edbb8d40
Author: Vitalik Buterin <v@buterin.com>
Date:   Tue May 6 16:53:43 2014 -0400

    Removed unneeded test, added new tests

commit 45a0974f
Merge: 15dd8fd7 5fd2a98f
Author: Gav Wood <i@gavwood.com>
Date:   Sun Apr 27 12:53:47 2014 +0100

    Merge pull request #3 from autolycus/develop

    Fixed formatting and added test cases

commit 5fd2a98f
Author: Carl Allendorph <callendorph@gmail.com>
Date:   Sat Apr 19 13:26:14 2014 -0700

    Added some new test cases for the rlp encoding.

commit 4ba15095
Author: Carl Allendorph <callendorph@gmail.com>
Date:   Sat Apr 19 12:48:42 2014 -0700

    Converted spaces to tabs to be compliant with the coding standards defined in cpp-ethereum

commit 15dd8fd7
Author: Gav Wood <i@gavwood.com>
Date:   Fri Feb 28 12:54:47 2014 +0000

    RLP tests and Trie updates.

commit 33f80fef
Author: Gav Wood <i@gavwood.com>
Date:   Fri Feb 28 11:39:35 2014 +0000

    Hex encode tests done.

commit e1f5e12a
Author: Gav Wood <i@gavwood.com>
Date:   Fri Feb 28 11:22:49 2014 +0000

    Fix RLP tests.

commit f87ce15a
Author: Gav Wood <i@gavwood.com>
Date:   Thu Feb 27 13:28:11 2014 +0000

    Fix empty string.

commit c006ed4f
Author: Gav Wood <i@gavwood.com>
Date:   Mon Feb 24 10:24:39 2014 +0000

    Tests fix.

commit 510ff563
Author: Gav Wood <i@gavwood.com>
Date:   Fri Feb 21 18:54:08 2014 +0000

    Updated the tests.

commit a0ec8438
Author: Gav Wood <i@gavwood.com>
Date:   Fri Feb 21 18:49:24 2014 +0000

    Moved over to new format, but RLP tests still need updating.

commit 660cd26f
Author: Gav Wood <i@gavwood.com>
Date:   Fri Feb 21 18:35:51 2014 +0000

    More docs.

commit 6ad14c1a
Author: Gav Wood <i@gavwood.com>
Date:   Fri Feb 21 18:33:39 2014 +0000

    Added VM test suite.
    Added TODO.
    Renamed old files.

commit f91ad7b3
Author: Vitalik Buterin <v@buterin.com>
Date:   Wed Jan 8 11:26:58 2014 -0500

    update trie algorithm

commit 6da29544
Merge: cc422467 131c610d
Author: Vitalik Buterin <v@buterin.com>
Date:   Wed Jan 8 08:15:38 2014 -0500

    merge

commit cc422467
Author: Vitalik Buterin <v@buterin.com>
Date:   Tue Jan 7 14:35:26 2014 -0500

    Updated trie test

commit 131c610d
Merge: 121632be 7613302b
Author: vbuterin <v@buterin.com>
Date:   Wed Jan 1 06:40:54 2014 -0800

    Merge pull request #1 from obscuren/master

    Update trietest.txt

commit 7613302b
Author: obscuren <obscuren@users.noreply.github.com>
Date:   Wed Jan 1 15:25:21 2014 +0100

    Update trietest.txt

    New proposed explanatory format

commit 121632be
Author: Vitalik Buterin <v@buterin.com>
Date:   Wed Jan 1 08:26:18 2014 -0500

    Added obscure's tests

commit ef6c5506
Author: Vitalik Buterin <v@buterin.com>
Date:   Tue Dec 31 19:04:48 2013 -0500

    Fixed tests a bit

commit 345e4bcf
Merge: 2c81698f e4bbea40
Author: Vitalik Buterin <v@buterin.com>
Date:   Tue Dec 31 15:52:46 2013 -0500

    Merge branch 'master' of github.com:ethereum/tests

commit 2c81698f
Author: Vitalik Buterin <v@buterin.com>
Date:   Mon Dec 30 21:09:40 2013 -0500

    Added first three tests

commit e4bbea40
Author: vbuterin <v@buterin.com>
Date:   Mon Dec 30 18:09:03 2013 -0800

    Initial commit

This moves call and create to the specified environments. Vms are no
longer re-used. Vm uses environment's Call(Code) and Create in order to
execute new contracts or transfer value between accounts.

State transition now uses the same mechanism described above.

Standard VM should be about 10x faster than the debug VM. Some error
checking has been removed, all of the log statements and therefor quite
some unnecessary if-statements.