* crypto: add bls12-381 elliptic curve wrapper

* params: add bls12-381 precompile gas parameters

* core/vm: add bls12-381 precompiles

* core/vm: add bls12-381 precompile tests

* go.mod, go.sum: use latest bls12381 lib

* core/vm: move point encode/decode functions to base library

* crypto/bls12381: introduce bls12-381 library init function

* crypto/bls12381: import bls12381 elliptic curve implementation

* go.mod, go.sum: remove bls12-381 library

* remove unsued frobenious coeffs

supress warning for inp that used in asm

* add mappings tests for zero inputs

fix swu g2 minus z inverse constant

* crypto/bls12381: fix typo

* crypto/bls12381: better comments for bls12381 constants

* crypto/bls12381: swu, use single conditional for e2

* crypto/bls12381: utils, delete empty line

* crypto/bls12381: utils, use FromHex for string to big

* crypto/bls12381: g1, g2, strict length check for FromBytes

* crypto/bls12381: field_element, comparision changes

* crypto/bls12381: change swu, isogeny constants with hex values

* core/vm: fix point multiplication comments

* core/vm: fix multiexp gas calculation and lookup for g1 and g2

* core/vm: simpler imput length check for multiexp and pairing precompiles

* core/vm: rm empty multiexp result declarations

* crypto/bls12381: remove modulus type definition

* crypto/bls12381: use proper init function

* crypto/bls12381: get rid of new lines at fatal desciprtions

* crypto/bls12-381: fix no-adx assembly multiplication

* crypto/bls12-381: remove old config function

* crypto/bls12381: update multiplication backend

this commit changes mul backend to 6limb eip1962 backend

mul assign operations are dropped

* core/vm/contracts_tests: externalize test vectors for precompiles

* core/vm/contracts_test: externalize failure-cases for precompiles

* core/vm: linting

* go.mod: tiny up sum file

* core/vm: fix goimports linter issues

* crypto/bls12381: build tags for plain ASM or ADX implementation

Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>
Co-authored-by: Péter Szilágyi <peterke@gmail.com>

* core/vm, params: implement EIP2200, SSTORE optimizations

* core/vm, params: switch EIP2200 to Wei's version

* core, light, params: implement eip2028

* core, light: address comments

* core: address comments

* tests: disable Istanbul tx tests (until updated)

* core: address comment

* core/vm, tests: implement EIP 1884, add support for feature-tests

* core/vm: 1884-changes to extcodehash, move selfbalance opcode

* tests: fix statetests

* core/vm: move constants, address review concerns

* core/vm: word formatting

Co-Authored-By: Péter Szilágyi <peterke@gmail.com>

* params: add IsIstanbul to config + rules

IstanbulBlock, used to determine if the config IsIstanbul, is currently
left nil until an actual block is chosen.

* params, core/vm: implement EIP-1108

Old gas costs for elliptic curve operations are given the PreIstanbul
prefix, while current gas costs retain the unprefixed names. The actual
precompile implementations are the same, so they are factored out into
common functions that are called by the pre-Istanbul and current
precompile structs. Finally, an Istanbul precompile list is added that
references the new precompile structs, which in turn reference the new
gas costs.

* params: fix fork ordering, add missing chain compatibility check

* params, core/vm: deprecating gastable, part 1

* core/vm, params: deprecate gastable, use both constant and dynamic gas

* core/vm, params: remove gastable, remove copypaste

* core/vm: make use of the chainrules

* interpreter: make tracing count constant+dynamic gas

* core/vm: review concerns (param/method name changes)

* core/vm: make use of chainrules more

This replaces the GasSlowStep constant with params.ExpGas.
Both constants have value 10.

* core, crypto, params: implement CREATE2 evm instrction

* core/vm: add opcode to string mapping

* core: remove past fork checking

* core, crypto: use option2 to generate new address

params: fix golint warnings

* params: Updated finalized gascosts for ECMUL/MODEXP

* core,tests: Updates pending new tests

* tests: Updated with new tests

* core: revert state transition bugfix

* tests: Add expected failures due to  #15119

 * Update modexp gas calculation to new version
 * Fix modexp modulo 0 special case to return zero

Reworked the EVM gas instructions to use 64bit integers rather than
arbitrary size big ints. All gas operations, be it additions,
multiplications or divisions, are checked and guarded against 64 bit
integer overflows.

In additon, most of the protocol paramaters in the params package have
been converted to uint64 and are now constants rather than variables.

* common/math: added overflow check ops
* core: vmenv, env renamed to evm
* eth, internal/ethapi, les: unmetered eth_call and cancel methods
* core/vm: implemented big.Int pool for evm instructions
* core/vm: unexported intPool methods & verification methods
* core/vm: added memoryGasCost overflow check and test

This reverts commit 8b57c494.

Reworked the EVM gas instructions to use 64bit integers rather than
arbitrary size big ints. All gas operations, be it additions,
multiplications or divisions, are checked and guarded against 64 bit
integer overflows.

In additon, most of the protocol paramaters in the params package have
been converted to uint64 and are now constants rather than variables.

* common/math: added overflow check ops
* core: vmenv, env renamed to evm
* eth, internal/ethapi, les: unmetered eth_call and cancel methods
* core/vm: implemented big.Int pool for evm instructions
* core/vm: unexported intPool methods & verification methods
* core/vm: added memoryGasCost overflow check and test

This implements 1b & 1c of EIP150 by adding a new GasTable which must be
returned from the RuleSet config method. This table is used to determine
the gas prices for the current epoch.

Please note that when the CreateBySuicide gas price is set it is assumed
that we're in the new epoch phase.

In addition this PR will serve as temporary basis while refactorisation
in being done in the EVM64 PR, which will substentially overhaul the gas
price code.

Added chain configuration options and write out during genesis database
insertion. If no "config" was found, nothing is written to the database.

Configurations are written on a per genesis base. This means
that any chain (which is identified by it's genesis hash) can have their
own chain settings.

This commit increases the artificial gas floor to 4712388

* change gas cost for contract creating txs
* invalidate signature with s value greater than secp256k1 N / 2
* OOG contract creation if not enough gas to store code
* new difficulty adjustment algorithm
* new DELEGATECALL op code

Genesis release. Closes #1402

Conflicts:
	cmd/geth/main.go

I forgot to update one instance of "go-ethereum" in commit 3f047be5.

All code outside of cmd/ is licensed as LGPL. The headers
now reflect this by calling the whole work "the go-ethereum library".

* Add params package with exported variables generated from
  github.com/ethereum/common/blob/master/params.json
* Use params package variables in applicable places
* Add check for minimum gas limit in validation of block's gas limit
* Remove common/params.json from go-ethereum to avoid
  outdated version of it