eth/downloader: speed up tests by generating chain only once (#17916)

* core: speed up GenerateChain

Use a mock implementation of ChainReader instead of creating
and destroying a BlockChain object for each generated block.

* eth/downloader: speed up tests by generating chain only once

This change reworks the downloader tests so they share a common test
blockchain instead of generating a chain in every test. The tests are
roughly twice as fast now.