core: refactor genesis handling

This commit solves several issues concerning the genesis block:

* Genesis/ChainConfig loading was handled by cmd/geth code. This left
  library users in the cold. They could specify a JSON-encoded
  string and overwrite the config, but didn't get any of the additional
  checks performed by geth.
* Decoding and writing of genesis JSON was conflated in
  WriteGenesisBlock. This made it a lot harder to embed the genesis
  block into the forthcoming config file loader. This commit changes
  things so there is a single Genesis type that represents genesis
  blocks. All uses of Write*Genesis* are changed to use the new type
  instead.
* If the chain config supplied by the user was incompatible with the
  current chain (i.e. the chain had already advanced beyond a scheduled
  fork), it got overwritten. This is not an issue in practice because
  previous forks have always had the highest total difficulty. It might
  matter in the future though. The new code reverts the local chain to
  the point of the fork when upgrading configuration.

The change to genesis block data removes compression library
dependencies from package core.

All uses of ChainConfig.ChainId eventually end up in NewEIP155Signer.
This fixes the case where users forget to set the ChainId in their
config.

pow: fix Search with ethash test mode

all: import "context" instead of "golang.org/x/net/context"

There is no need to depend on the old context package now that the
minimum Go version is 1.7. The move to "context" eliminates our weird
vendoring setup. Some vendored code still uses golang.org/x/net/context
and it is now vendored in the normal way.

This change triggered new vet checks around context.WithTimeout which
didn't fire with golang.org/x/net/context.

* les: implement request distributor, fix blocking issues
* core: moved header validation before chain mutex lock

build: require Go >= 1.7

We don't use the opencl build tag anymore.

We have decided to bump the requirement to Go 1.7 because it enables
subtests and allows dropping backwards-compatibility code. This is in
line with Go's support policy. Go 1.6 and earlier no longer receive
security updates.

core/types: use gencodec for JSON marshaling code

travis: switch to cocoapods 1.2.0 stable

ethstats: try both ws:// and wss:// if none specified

The cache/dataset methods crashed with a nil pointer error if
cachesinmem/dagsinmem were zero. Fix it by skipping the eviction logic
if there are no caches/datasets.

Search always used the regular dataset size regardless of test mode. Fix
it by removing the redundant size parameter of hashimotoFull.

Fixes #3784

Fixes #3762.  Details about parameter:
https://github.com/rs/cors/blob/a62a804a8a009876ca59105f7899938a1349f4b3/cors.go#L50-L54

light: added new CHT