cmd/evm: add state transition tool for testing (#20958)

This PR implements the EVM state transition tool, which is intended
to be the replacement for our retesteth client implementation.
Documentation is present in the cmd/evm/README.md file.

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>
# Conflicts:
#	cmd/evm/main.go
#	core/state/dump.go
#	core/state/state_test.go
#	tests/state_test_util.go